vol. 13 núm. 25 (2017)

Introduction: Drugs are regarded as valuable therapeutic and preventive instruments; however, there are no risk-free drugs. All of them have side effects, and some have serious consequences such as increased antimicrobial resistance. In this work, the different indications for which antimicrobials were prescribed by dentists were analyzed, in order to take intervention measures that help to achieve their rational use.   Methods: All the antimicrobial prescriptions received during twelve months by the drugstore of a social service institute were analyzed; the prescriptions contained data on medications, dosage, quantity and diagnosis. The critical analysis of the prescriptions was made according to quantitative and qualitative aspects.   Results: The most prescribed antibiotic was azithromycin, followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; however, the scientific literature recommends penicillins as the first choice in the pharmacological treatment of oral pathologies, with azithromycin being reserved for allergy to amoxicillin. Drugs prescribed from the qualitative point of view are of high therapeutic value, when there are groups of drugs that are not of choice for dental pathologies, macrolides (clarithromycin and azithromycin), third generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, etc.) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin).   Conclusion: We must become aware of the importance of the rational use of antibiotics in the dental clinical practice when looking for a successful treatment that minimizes side effects and drug resistance.

Introduction: The who states “that deforming oral habits are a frequent health problem in children.”   Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention carried out in schoolchildren of 5-11 years of age with deforming oral habits in the municipalities of Cienfuegos, Cumanayagua, Abreu and Lajas, Cuba.   Methods: Quasi-experimental study with before and after intervention in a child population between 5 and 11 years old, in the period between January 2013 and September 2015. The different types of habits and anomalies present in each child were identified; the Para Sonreír Feliz program was applied weekly. A knowledge survey was applied to children, parents and educators, before and after taking educational, preventive and therapeutic actions.   Results: 64.06 % of the deforming habits were eradicated (the most frequent being protractile tongue, baby bottle sucking, and nail biting), and there was a reduction in dentomaxillofacial anomalies. The level of knowledge of children, parents and educators increased at the end of the intervention.   Conclusions: The intervention was effective in reducing deforming habits and dentomaxillofacial anomalies, as well as for the satisfactory results in the level of knowledge about this entity, a health problem that can be prevented early to improve harmony in the components of the stomatognathic apparatus.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate micromovements at the bone-implant interface using a provisional polyetheretherketone (peek) abutment and a polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) crown subjected to immediate loading, in order to establish whether these micromovements can impair implant osseointegration under normal loads. This evaluation was carried out through the finite element analysis (fem) method.   Methods: A 13 mmL, 3.7 mmD Tapered Screw-Vent® implant (ref. (tsvb10 Zimmer Dental) was modeled with a 3.5 mm platform, a peek abutment, a screw, and a pmma crown of an upper central incisor. A cortical bone and a cancellous bone were modeled using Solid Works 2010 computer-aided design (cad) software (Solid Works Corp., Concord, Massachusetts, United States), and then processed and analyzed by the ansys 14.0 software. Micromovements at the bone-implant interface were evaluated by applying loads obliquely with a force of 200 Newtons on the palatal surface of the upper central incisor.   Results: The cancellous and cortical bones showed micromovements with similar values (31.57 and 32.88 μm, respectively).   Conclusions: The maximum micromovements occurred at the level of the implant neck. However, the high-density bone is prepared to receive implants with immediate loading without jeopardizing the osseointegration process.

Introduction: In Mexico, the Oral Hygiene Habits Scale (ohhs) has been recently developed; its internal consistency and factorial structure have been determined, but its distribution has not been described.   Aim: To describe the distribution of the ohhs and test its convergent validity.   Method: A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study with non-probability sampling was carried out. Two samples were recruited: One of 256 participants from the general population and another of 240 participants from the dental clinic. The ohhs was administered in both samples and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (ohi-s) only in the latter.   Results: Distribution of the total ohhs score was equivalent between both samples and did not conform to a normal curve. In a range between 0 and 4, its median frequency corresponded to “sometimes.” ohhs scores between 0 and 0.999 (≤ 20 th percentile) allowed to identify poor oral hygiene habits; between 1 and 2.124, average habits; and between 2.125 and 4, good habits. These three intervals were: 0-1.749, 1.75-2.999, and 3-4 in tooth brushing; and 0-0.249, 0.25-1.249 and 1.25-4 in flossing. The correlation between ohhs and ohi-s was negative and moderate.   Conclusion: The ohhs needs to be interpreted by percentiles; its central tendency (median) shows poor oral hygiene habits among the participants, mainly due to misuse of floss; and it has convergent validity, since it demonstrates that poor oral hygiene habits lead to more debris and calculus.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries have an enormous, growing impact on the world for being the main cause of pain and disability due to muscle overload at work.   Aim: To determine the ergonomic risk produced by the postural load to which the target population is exposed.   Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. A convenience sample of 15 people, students of the Oral Health Assistance Program at a university in southwestern Colombia, was drawn; we conducted a sociodemographic survey, a workstation analysis, and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (rula) method, whose methodology divides the body into two groups: Group A, including the upper limbs (arms, forearms and wrists), and group B, comprising legs, trunk and neck. For this, two simultaneous film records were kept when each participant performed the dental prophylaxis procedure.   Results: The information collected allowed to identify the most physically demanding steps and the musculoskeletal system disorders produced by the postural load to which the population is exposed in performing the procedure, and allowed to identify the specific body segments compromised and the degree of compromise.   Conclusions: There is an ergonomic risk in oral health assistance students, since they are at an action level of 4. This means that the task of “performing the prophylaxis procedure” requires urgent changes due to the exposure to biomechanical risk factors that may cause health disorders, especially in the musculoskeletal system.

Introduction: Gingival recession is a clinical finding after the apical displacement of the gingival margin; it can be localized or generalized and be associated with one or several dental surfaces, causing both aesthetic and functional compromise according to its extension.   Aim: To describe Miller’s Class I gingival recession treatment using subepithelial connective tissue graft and coronally positioned flap.   Materials and methods: Descriptive clinical case report of a male patient who consulted for an aesthetic issue in the upper jaw area. The appropriate anamnesis procedures were performed, in which no relevant syste- mic history was identified. Then clinical examination with a diagnosis, planning and administration of the treatment, and postsurgical controls were carried out.   Results: Based on a diagnosis of Miller’s Class I recession located in dental organs 13 and 14, we decided to implement the technique of subepithelial connective tissue graft and coronally positionedflap, with which complete radicular covering, favorable tissue response, and the patient’s aesthetic satisfaction were achieved.   Conclusions: The connective tissue graft, in combination with the coronally positioned flap, is viable at the level of radicular covering in gingival recessions in multiple teeth with an inadequate amount of keratinized gingiva. This shows that it is a predictable technique that satisfies the aesthetic needs of the patient.

Introduction: Adequate diagnosis of dentoalveolar discrepancy and early treatment is key to prevent occlusal and dento-osseous alterations that complicate future treatments in permanent dentitions. The present research seeks to determine the effectiveness of new simplified formulas for the design and assessment of predictive analysis in mixed dentition dento-osseus discrepancy in children between 7 and 10 years old treated at the Hospital Universitario Metropolitano de Barranquilla.   Method: Correlational descriptive study in study models of children between 7 and 10 years old who were treated at the Fundación Hospital Universitario Metropolitano between 2012 and 2013. Randomized probability sampling was used; after calculating the sample size with a 95 % confidence interval and a margin of error of 5 %, a sample of 119 children was obtained. A pilot test was carried out with 27 % of the total population in order to make relevant adjustments.   Results: The discrepancies obtained in the results of simplified formulas yielded findings significantly similar to the values obtained by Moyers, thus providing an accurate diagnosis of malocclusions. The measurements of canine tooth size and the measurements of the space required for the eruption of premolars were similar in terms of mean and standard deviation.   Conclusion: The equations resulting from this research will be used as a tool for the predictive analysis in mixed dentition in the Colombian population of Barranquilla.

The aims of this study were to assess children's dental fear by using a projective technique CDFP (Children’s dental fear picture test). 40 patients from a pediatric dental clinic, between 5-9 years old, took part in this study. At first, the CDFP was applied to the children. This method has three subtests and its overall assessment classifies children as "fearful, non fearful and uncertain". The children answered the CFSS-DS (Children Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Subscale). The results showed that CDFP has inter-examiner reliability and a significant correlation with the CFSS-DS was observed.

Introduction: The objective was to determine a conservative or radical surgical treatment suitable for the odontogenic myxoma.   Method: The study considered a clinical case of odontogenic myxoma in the upper jaw in an adult female patient, for which a radical treatment was chosen due to the size of the tumor.   Results: The clinical case was assessed based on clinical, imaging, and histopathological criteria and according to the current scientific evidence. The en bloc resection treatment was determined for this case.   Conclusions: Radical treatment, such as en bloc resection, seems to be the most appropriate to prevent recurrence of the tumor, especially in cases of extensive lesions such as the one reported.

Introduction: Class ii malocclusion has the highest prevalence among dentoskeletal alterations worldwide. In Colombia its prevalence is 74 %. Currently, one of the reason for administering timely treatments is the rapid response of bone and neuromuscular structures the younger the organism. Aim: To identify changes in the craniofacial complex by means of lateral X-rays of 11 patients with Class ii Division 1 malocclusion, who underwent functional orthopedic treatment with Klammt’s Elastic Open Activator (keoa).   Method: We selected a sample of 11 patients with Class ii Division 1 malocclusion between 8 and 12 years old, who underwent functional orthopedic treatment. The selected patients required a lateral x-ray before starting the treatment and once a year thereafter; the craniofacial complex changes of the patients undergoing treatment were analyzed.   Results: In all 11 patients, Class ii Division 1 malocclusion was intercepted in a timely manner. A statistically significant decrease in anb, 1/Bap, 1 sup/1 inf, and overjet was perceived.   Conclusion: In this study it was observed that keoa in the treatment of Class ii Division 1 malocclusion produced inhibited anterior growth of the upper dentoalveolar area, verticalization of upper incisors, restricted anterior migration of upper molars, and anterior positioning of point B.