El conflicto interno de Colombia que abarca el último medio siglo ha generado diversas violaciones de los derechos humanos; casi el 10% de la población ha sido desplazada de sus lugares de vivienda con graves consecuencias económicas y sociales. En algún momento el desplazado cambiará su condición, empero, las pérdidas para el país son incalculables. La Corte Constitucional ha proferido sentencias que reconocen la responsabilidad del Estado y le obliga a reparar hasta donde es posible- a las Personas en Situación de Desplazamiento PSD, situación que se asume desde varios enfoques. Este artículo, derivado de una investigación del doctorado de la Universidad de Nebrija, España, describe los tipos de migración y diferencia entre refugiados y desplazados, presenta una aproximación teórica al fenómeno del desplazamiento, cómo la violencia ha desarraigado a campesinos y minorías étnicas, y muestra algunas cifras y las formas como el Estado atiende esta crisis humanitaria.

El término competitividad, disímil en cuanto a su definición, refleja la situación de Colombia a las puertas de un TLC con Estados Unidos. En este artículo se presenta una breve visión del término a partir de la obra de Porter, acompañada de un esbozo del panorama competitivo del país.

Regarding the unemployment and its injurious individual and group consequences, many proposals have been thought, among them the cooperatives like a worthy option to generate employment and income. The constant complaints of the traditional industrialists are about the complexities of the Colombian labour regime; in arder to overcome the obstacles, the joint sector offers alternatives for the Colombian people, specially for professionals, with forms of organization that improve the conditions for the worker and turn him into the owner of production means, with forms of organization of capital through such as associations and owners, which implies new regulations to ease their inclusion in the formal economy, named Cooperative of Associated Work, CTA. The gap between theory and practice must be analysed in the joint sector because while their postulates give main importance to the worker as creator, actually the complaints of professionals refer to the accelerated growth in the number of CTA that are contracting the people like workers and not like associates, they evade the payments as creators and assimilate them to the common labour legislation, the CTA are not created by initiative of workers but by suggestion of the companies so that workers are used like outsourcing and companies evade its labour obligations. This associative figure , without the fissures that are attributed to it, would be a very good option against the unemployment of the Colombian professionals.

This text addresses the incidental factors and characterization of fifty companies created by women in Bogotá. Through our research, we present the incidental factors of motivation, the experience, the support channels for building enterprises in Bogotá, some characteristics of entrepreneurships, sociodemographic characteristics of female entrepreneurs as well as the company – home relation. Finally, it presents some success factors