vol. 14 núm. 26 (2018)

Introduction: This research article introduces an early warning system for rain-induced mass movement for the district of Ciudad Bolívar, in Bogotá, Colombia, developed at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas in 2018. Methods: A sensor network was developed by means of a base station, which is responsible for issuing a warning if there is a risk of landslide. Results: The data provided by the sensor network, such as humidity and temperature, issue warnings to increase the possibility of saving the lives of vulnerable population in the district. Conclusion: This project seeks to save the most important thing a human being has: his life. In addition to raising awareness among individuals of the danger of building houses in places with a high risk of landslides, the aim is to show that through technology we could save lives, warning about naturaldisasters such as landslides. Originality: In this work, a previous soil survey was conducted in Ciudad Bolívar and a warning scale was created for the system, implementing the Risk Management and Climate Change Information System ( sire ) in the district. Limitations: Scarce development of rain-induced landslide warning systems in Colombia.

Introduction: This review article derives from the research “Implications of Organizational Structure: Organizations as a Data Processing System”, conducted in 2017 at the School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Problem: It is noted that hierarchical structures are the predominant paradigm in organizations, although research has shown the precariousness of these structures for data processing. Aim: To identify the features that make it possible to understand the company as an agile data processing system. Materials and methods: The structural features of data processing systems are reviewed from various disciplines. Based on this review, the implications of understanding business organizations, particularly the structure design, as data processing systems are set out. Result: An assessment is made on the implications of designing more agile structures in data processing for organizational engineering. Conclusion: The understanding of business organization, particularly the structure, as a data processing system offers a widely different perspective of the traditional paradigm. Originality: The research is at its early stages and there are no models or empirical evidence regarding the statements made. The high levels of agility in the decision-making of the disciplines studied allow to plan important lines of research in this regard. Limitations: The proposal is in the conceptual phase and requires experimental verification.

Introduction: This research, conducted in 2017 at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, presents a proposed maturity model applied to entrepreneurial processes in Colombian smes. Aim:  to diagnose the entrepreneurial action in these organizations by assessing five factors: entrepreneur profile, economic and financial aspects, market conditions, knowledge creation and dissemination, and ict solutions, and relate them to various maturity levels proposed by the cmmi (Capability Maturity Model Integration) method. Methods: a) Literature referring to entrepreneurship and maturity models is reviewed; b) the main factors for entrepreneurship processes are identified; c) the maturity model is designed; d) the model is validated by means of the Delphi method and expert judgment; e) the statistical analysis of tests results is carried out; and f) conclusions and improvement actions are proposed to increase the maturity level of the “market conditions” factor, which is elaborated throughout the document. Results: The validated maturity model shows an experts’ acceptance percentage of 83.75%, suggesting some improvements to the proposed levels. Conclusion: This model shows the situation of entrepreneurship processes for already incorporated companies and, through its implementation by an expert, intends to create improvement actions and make entrepreneurship a tool for the organization’s economic growth. Limitations: The proposed model has not been tested in an sme and is currently in its conceptual construction. Originality: A similar model has not been established to assess entrepreneurial processes in companies using the cmmi method.

Introduction: This article derives from the research conducted as a graduation option in the internship at the Agustín Codazzi Geographical Institute, Caquetá office, Colombia, during the second half of 2017, supported by the Systems Engineering program at the Universidad de la Amazonia. Aim: To design a methodology to update cadastral information of risk areas using a remotely piloted aircraft in the Colombian Amazonian piedmont to determine the impact caused by the phenomenon of floods. Materials and methods: Two research methods were used: the first one was exploratory, based on which the sources and theoretical references for the methodology design were established. The second one was forward-looking, with which a methodological design was proposed to address the problem of updating risk areas. The study area included a wooded sector on the edge of La Perdiz brook in the municipality of Florencia. Conclusions: The methodology designed allowed to determine the existence of 98 properties in risk areas by means of delimitation in the study area, establishing the correct functionality of the proposed invention. Originality: The development of a methodology for cadastral updating allows to integrate hardware technology easily and obtain detailed information to prevent natural disasters such as floods. Limitations: The project only covers the urban areas of the Colombian Amazonian piedmont, given the little information available from the rural land register in these areas of the country.

Introduction: This article presents the design and performance assessment of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure ( AMI ) for a microgrid. This infrastructure enables the collection of consumer measurement data in a management center, essential to the construction of a microgrid. Aim:To design the communications network and select the equipment and management system for the AMI in the Universidad de Nariño’s microgrid. Methods: Literature review of the aspects to be considered in AMI design such as communication topologies, technologies and protocols, in addition to the metrics to assess AMI performance. Results:The AMI design is presented including measurement equipment, communications network and management center. Once the AMI was implemented, its performance was assessed according to the parameters of latency, bandwidth, throughput and packet loss. Conclusion:The results suggest that the flow in the microgrid. AMI meets the quality of service parameters, ensuring an optimal data Originality: While several initiatives have focused on the design of solutions based on microgrids and AMI s and on the study of their impacts, the implementation of these grids is still limited in Colombia. Limitations: For assessing the performance of the communications network, this study has considered the performance of communication channels, excluding the performance of various protocols used such as MODbus/TCP and DNP3/TCP .

Introduction: This article is a research product of “Model Approach to University Dropout Behavior in Schools of Engineering” conducted during 2015-2017 at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.   Problem: According to several preliminary studies, university education worldwide has deficiencies and problems that cause high dropout levels.   Aim: To reveal student dropout levels and their impact on these programs nationally and internationally.   Methods: To provide a national outlook, statistical reports of the problem were produced using the Higher Education Institution Dropout Prevention and Analysis System (spadie) tool. For a global view, data gathered by the World Bank and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) were used.   Conclusion: Understanding education as a field continually exposed to change may give rise to strategies to mitigate shortcomings and ensure the presence of students.   Results: The importance of monitoring the factors strengthens the statistical analysis by measuring and quantifying enrollment and dropout levels.   Limitations: The little information provided by the Universidad Distrital hinders its analysis.   Originality: An engineering student dropout analysis worldwide is presented and the creation of a compact base for the Universidad Distrital is proposed.

Introduction: Review article derived from the research project “Pavement Management Based on Geographic Information Systems for the Road Network of Boyacá” conducted at the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia in 2017.   Aim: To identify practical improvements for road network maintenance, recognizing the main changes and suggestions in pavement management systems (pms) for flexible pavement, as observed in international development.   Methods: The research was based on a qualitative document analysis, from which recently published articles of high impact journals were assessed, identifying the main contributions of geographic information systems (gis) applied to flexible pavement management.   Results: gis -based pmsenable economic administration of the road network, establishing a reduced pavement evaluation method and facilitating the selection of works in road sections faster and more economically. The importance of data collection, organization, verification, processing and appropriate presentation is also considered.   Conclusions: gis based pavement management method allows cost optimization, prioritizing resources in a road network. Spatial databases help reduce processing times and facilitate access to future data processes in the road network using a historical, zoned pavement evaluation.   Originality: Development of an easy-to-implement pavement management method.   Limitations: This assessment only interprets progress in road infrastructure management using gis

Introduction: The article establishes a conceptual review on the instrumentation used in automatic oil and gas measurement systems, carried out by the orca and SciBas research groups at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas in 2017.   Problem: Absence in the literature of the concept of custody transfer (ct) and its impact on the quantity and quality of gas and oil in a distribution system.   Aim: To conceptualize about instrumentation in high volume measurements, particularly those of dynamic type.   Methods: Selection, prioritization and interpretation of sources available in the industrial sector—covered by the American Petroleum Institute (api) and the American Gas Association (aga)—to define the instrumentation of areliable and accurate gas and oil measurement system.   Results: Conceptualization of api and aga units with respect to lact (Lease Automatic Custody Transfer) equipment, of criteria for determining the instrumentation for ct systems, and of measurement equipment in instrumentation distribution.   Conclusion: Obtaining of a conceptual baseline on ct problems and their instrumentation in an automatic gas and oil dynamic measurement system.   Originality: The academic literature contains little reference to reviews on equipment and instrumentation used in automatic systems for oil and gas ct.   Limitations: Since flowmeters are the most important instruments of the metering skid with respect to those reviewed, other flowmeters that use adaptive measurement algorithms such as neural networks (nn) should be included—in perspective—.