vol. 18 núm. 1 (2019)

Objective: To describe spiritual care from the perspective of scientific literature related to palliative care, taking into account the components of the Conceptual Model of Symptom Management, as stated by Patricia Larson and collaborators. Methodology: Systematic review, following Ganong’s guidelines, of publications made between 2002 and 2018 that are related to spiritual care and palliative care and articulated with the components of Patricia Larson's Symptom Management Model: symptom experience, symptom management strategy, and result of symptom management. Results: Of the 56 articles initially identified, 50 met the selection criteria and were classified according to the components of the Symptom Management Model. We found conceptualization of spirituality, scales for its assessment, interventions and benefits of spiritual care in patients with palliative needs. Conclusions: Spiritual care starts with perceiving the experience during the disease process or end-of-life stage, and includes timely identification of spiritual needs, their assessment through validated scales, and the use of diagnoses related to the spiritual dimension. The management strategies involved in spiritual care start from the accompaniment and active listening to the patient, from which the second and third level interventions described by the literature are derived. It is necessary to prepare nursing professionals which guide management strategies through the use of the model of Larson and collaborators, to management of symptoms in clinical practice.

Objective: To evaluate the level of palliative care knowledge of the nurses at the General Hospital of Celaya. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2017 to January 2018 in a second level hospital where patients receive palliative care in the areas of internal medicine, intensive care, surgery and emergencies. The study used a consecutive type sample with 40 nurses. The research used the "Questionnaire on Knowledge of Palliative care by Health Personnel" with 34 items with a dichotomous, true or false, type of response. Bioethics principles for research in human beings were respected and the anonymity of the participants was maintained. The mean of correct answers, their percentage and ANOVA for difference between groups was calculated. Results: In the knowledge about palliative care, the participants obtained an average of correct answers of 22.30 (minimum of correct answers = 16, maximum of correct answers = 27) and 65.58 % of the knowledge in palliative care. The highest percentage of knowledge in palliative care was obtained in the Family dimension (83.5 %) followed by Spirituality (83.12 %); on the other hand, the Diverse Knowledge dimension was the lowest with an average of correct answers of 55.83 %. Regarding the average of correct answers, the highest was in the Family dimension (4.17) and the lowest in General knowledge (2.92). Conclusions: The participating nurses have knowledge that can be improved; however, training in palliative care from basic education to specialization is necessary.

Objective: Review the scientific evidence on psychosocial risk factors: quantitative, work rate, double presence and emotional demands on nursing professionals in healthcare services. Material and method: A review of scientific articles was carried out from 2007 to 2018 in Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, OVID Nursing, Springer, Taylor and Francis and other electronic databases such as SciELO and Lilacs, through the descriptors: nursing, occupational health, working conditions, work stress, and workload. We selected 74 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Quantitative demands and the intensification of the rhythm of work increase the nurse’s work overload due large quantity of patients and functions unrelated to the exercise of direct care. The emotional demands originate during caretaking actions and in the permanent confrontation with suffering, pain and death. The combination of salaried and domestic work, as well as undertaking two or more jobs and shift work, are frequent aspects in nursing professionals. Conclusion: The nursing professional is exposed to psychosocial risk factors: quantitative, work pace, double presence and emotional demands, which can negatively affect their physical and mental health, as well as the quality of the care provided.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence in Colombia during the period between 2012-2016. Materials and methods: A quantitative and descriptive study of all cases of sexual violence reported to SIVIGILA from 2012 to 2016 was conducted. Results: 73,986 cases of sexual violence were reported to SIVIGILA, 74.78% of which occurred in the municipal capitals with 65.91% of the cases occurring in the homes of the victims. 88% of the victims were women and 49.92% of the total number of victims were teenagers. 91.90% of the aggressors were men, who on average were 30 years old. 50.65% of the aggressors did not live with the victim. 26.1% of the victims received prophylaxis for HIV / AIDS, 17.0% received prophylaxis for the hepatitis B virus, 45.42% received mental health care, 31.84% of the victims were referred to protection, and 56.99% were reported to the competent authorities. Conclusion: Of the 73,986 cases of sexual violence, a rise in prevalence was found, starting with 13.45% of the cases occurring in 2012 and rising to 27.96% of the cases occurring in 2016. The principle victims were women in the vital life cycles, adolescence, infancy and early infancy, and the primary aggressors were males of an average 30 years of age.

Objective: To describe the conduct of women who attend a primary care center in the town of Suba in regard to cervical cytology Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study through a survey of 100 women who attended a point of primary health care in a locality of the city of Bogotá to take a cytology. Results: 94 % of the women know the objective of the test, 60 % of respondents report fear of the result of the cytology. The main reason why the participants decide not to take the cytology are socio-cultural barriers. Conclusions: Although the majority of women expressed knowledge of the importance of the examination and voluntarily decide to access it, they express experiencing different feelings categorized as negative in the face of examination: grief, shame and fear of pain are the main personal barriers that limit access to cytology; however, more than half of the participants report feeling afraid of the results of this examination.