vol. 14 núm. 26 (2018)

Introduction: This article describes the knowledge, attitudes and practices of users of the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Antioquia about oral cancer.   Materials and methods: Study with a quantitative, descriptive approach; a collection instrument was designed with which sociodemographic variables were ascertained, and the knowledge, attitudes and practices of users of the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Antioquia were evaluated.   Results and discussion: Although most of the people surveyed stated that they are aware of the existence of oral cancer, they do not recognize the warning signs of oral cancer and how they can prevent it; these results do not vary in individuals who are taken care of at the School. Despite these results, most respondents examine themselves intra-orally, although they do not have clear instructions on how to do it.   Conclusions: The fact that people ignore how to act against oral cancer despite recognizing its ex- istence is largely related to health professionals since, although the majority of respondents were attended to at the School of Dentistry and even in other healthcare centers, their knowledge, attitudes and practices did not vary much from those of people who did not have access to these programs. Therefore, it is suggested that an educational strategy be implemented to increase the knowledge of detection and prevention of oral cancer, in which the dentist is the main actor.

Aim: To compare the curing depth of a nanohybrid resin photoactivated by halogen light versus led light according to iso 4049.   Materials and methods: Current cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative laboratory method. A speci- men former was used. A strip of celluloid was placed on the base of the specimen former, on which the resin z 350 xt (3 m), shade a 2 and enamel was put. The height of the specimen former was overfilled, and a second strip of celluloid was placed on top. The resin was photoactivated by a conventional halogen lamp and a third-generation led lamp. The specimen was removed from the former and the material in a plastic state without polymerization was removed with a spatula. The height of the cured material was measured with the digital micrometer (t304b.w-1220) at an accuracy of +0.01 mm. This test was performed three times and the average value of the curing depth was obtained. When dividing it by two, the curing depth was obtained according to iso 4049. Statistical normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) and Shapiro-Wilk) and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney) were performed to check if the values follow a normal distribution. The Student’s t test was used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the results.   Results: The minimum curing depth value was obtained with the halogen lamp (2.23 mm), unlike photoactivation by led lamp (2.32 mm).   Conclusion: There are significant differences in the curing depth of a resin when photopolymerized by halogen light versus led light.

Introduction: Dental trauma is a reason for dental consultation, often in children and young people. It has social and psychological impacts. Several studies are interested in the knowledge of parents, teachers and dentists on the subject. In the case of dentistry students, not much information is available. Therefore, we wanted to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and experience regarding dental trauma care of students from a private university in Cartagena, Colombia.   Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study in senior students through an anonymous self-report questionnaire. The data were processed and analyzed by Stata v. 13.2, using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis through χ 2 tests.   Results: The sample was 45 subjects, with an average age of 23.3 ± 1.94 years old. The level of knowledge was acceptable in 64.4% of the students, and the students who are part of this percentage have poor knowledge of alveolar fracture, intrusive dislocation with suppurating fistula, intrusive and lateral dislocation and according to the severity of trauma. Attitudes were unfavorable in 82% of the students and 95% had not seen dental trauma cases. No statistically significant association was reported among study variables.   Conclusion: While the level of knowledge regarding dental trauma in the study subjects is acceptable and the little clinical experience in its treatment is notorious, the School of Dentistry is required to promote from academia the strengthening of skills to deal with these clinical situations.

Introduction: A health professional should be interested in identifying communities’ knowledge about the health-disease process to promote health and prevent the development of diseases.   Aim: To describe the knowledge and treatments of herpes labialis by adolescent students from a public educational institution in Medellín in 2012.   Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive study. A total of 133 students from a public educational institution in Medellín participated through probabilistic sampling and random selection, and a test of knowledge and treatments of herpes labialis was administered. A univariate descriptive statistical analysis was made. Minimum risk study according to Resolution 8430 of 1993 of the Republic of Colombia.   Results: Ages ranged from 14 to 23 years old with an average age of 16 and a standard deviation of 1.14. 50.4% were women, only 6 % know about herpes labialis from medical sources, 38.3 % do not know the causative agent, 65.4 % know the means of transmission, and 76.7 % recognize them visually. 45.9% had doubts about the signs and symptoms, 60.2 % did not know any pharmacological treatment but reported knowing the use of non-pharmacological treatments such as Vaseline, cocoa butter, chemicals, cigarette, lemon, tomato and salt.   Conclusions: Deficiencies were detected in the knowledge of herpes labialis, its etiology and treatment. The main source of knowledge was the family

Introduction: Oral habits interfere in the development of the functions of the stomatognathic system; there- fore, they are an etiological factor in the development of malocclusions.   Aim: To compare the frequency of oral habits and its relationship with malocclusion in children aged 4-12 in San Luis Potosí-Mexico and Medellín-Colombia.   Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Convenience sample of 598 children from 4 to 12 years old (299 children per city). For data analysis, a contingency table with chi-square was prepared using spss v. 21.   Results: The most frequent oral habit for the total sample was onychophagy. When comparing the sample in both cities, onychophagy was highly frequent in San Luis Potosí, while mouth breathing was more com- mon in Medellín. In San Luis Potosí, most children with some habit had a class i molar ratio, except those with atypical swallowing, who exhibited class iii malocclusion. From the statistical point of view, atypical swallowing was the habit with the highest significance in relation to the presence of malocclusions in the total sample. A direct relationship between the presence of posterior cross bite and digit sucking in San Luis Potosí (p ≤ 0.05) was also found.   Conclusions: Atypical swallowing and open bite are directly related, which suggests that the swallowing function can be a causal factor of malocclusion; moreover, a direct relationship between digit sucking and posterior cross bite was found

Introduction: Medical emergencies are events that have immediate consequences and are life threatening, for which they require fast and accurate action.   Aim: To determine the level of knowledge of fifth- and sixth-year students from the School of Dentistry at the Universidad Autónoma del Paraguay Pierre Fauchard on the management of medical emergencies that may arise during consultation.   Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. A survey was conducted to test their knowledge about medical emergencies through a structured questionnaire, with 25 multiple choice closed-ended questions to measure the established variables. The sample consisted of 146 fifth- and sixth- year students. The variables of interest were age, sex, participation in first aid courses (theoretical or theo- retical-practical) and level of favorable or unfavorable knowledge, based on a 60 % scale in which a total of 15 correct answers is considered favorable.   Results and conclusions: It is concluded that the level of knowledge of fifth- and sixth-year students from the School of Dentistry at Pierre Fauchard was unfavorable in 56 %, in a predominantly female population with a percentage of 87.7 %, and an age group of 23 years old with a percentage of 35.6 %. Only 17.8% of the students participated in a first aid course, of which 6.8 % was theoretical and 11.0 % was theoreti- cal-practical.

Introduction: Syphilis is an ancient disease that has caused great damage throughout the history of humanity and, despite sexual protection methods and antibiotics to combat this infection, its prevalen- ce is still alarming today. The dentist plays an essential role in this field because he must be trained to early detect the manifestations of the disease in the oral cavity, which would prevent its progression.   Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted, with 20 patients who consulted three stomatology services in South America; a stomatological examination was done and an exhaustive clinical history was obtained; the lesions found were classified and the other data collected were analyzed.   Results: The lesion prevalent in primary syphilis was ulcers and only one case was detected; about the secondary form, nineteen cases were detected, and multiple associated lesions were found; finally, no case of tertiary syphilis was found.   Conclusions: Disclosure of these results and further research in this field are considered essential to educate and thus prevent the progression of syphilis to a latent or tertiary form that endangers the life of the population.

Introduction: Mucogingival deformities have an impact on the function and aesthetics of patients, being of congenital, developmental or acquired origin. A mucogingival condition is a deviation from the normal anatomy of the tissues located between the gingival margin and the mucogingival junction. These conditions include alterations of the insertion of frenula and the depth of the vestibule. Aberrant frenula of lips inside the cavity do not usually cause pathologies to be considered; however, in some cases, its overinsertion may cause periodontal, functional, aesthetic and phonetic deformities. The removal of frenula may be through either full exeresis (frenectomy) or lateral or apical replacement (frenotomy). Each procedure has its indications/contraindications, advantages and disadvantages.   Aim: The present review summarizes the main sources of information in the Scopus, Pubmed, Scielo and lilacs databases related to the surgical treatment of aberrant frenula.   Conclusion: Both procedures are effective in the disinsertion of frenulum fibers; frenectomy can cause slight formation of bridle scars, while frenotomy has a lower incidence thereof. An alternative option to conventional techniques is the use of laser to remove the frenulum.

Introduction: The use of Low-level Laser Therapy (Low-level Laser Therapy, lllt ) has brought with it the evolution of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and pro-healing treatments due to cell photostimulation on the mitochondria; this increases the generation of energy (atp), which accelerates blood microcircula- tion and produces changes in the hydrostatic pressure of the capillary.   Case presentation: A 25-year-old patient who attended the oral surgery service at the dental clinics of a university for the extraction of retained lower third molars. Upon radiographic examination, asympto- matic tooth 48 was observed in mesioangular position according to Winter’s classification and class b ii according to Pell & Gregory’s classification.   Materials and methods: The patient received post-exodontia treatment with Low-level Laser Therapy.   Results: The effect achieved with the application of lllt in the case resulted in pain control at 48 hours, anti-inflammatory effect on the third day and evident tissue regeneration on the seventh day.   Conclusions: Low-level Laser Therapy could be an alternative post-surgical control of retained third molar extractions that would prevent the administration of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in some cases.

Introduction: The difficulties in correcting the bone discrepancies of class iii malocclusions due to the complexity of existing treatments, the unpredictability of bone growth, the development and treatment outcomes for young patients, and the evident physical characteristics of the subjects who suffer from them make them a challenge when considering successful treatment plans for correction.   Case: A 10-year-old male patient attended the maxillary orthopedics clinic of the graduate program Pediatric Dentistry and Maxillary Orthopedics of the School of Dentistry at the Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia) for re-evaluation. He does not report family history of skeletal or dental anomalies; a prominent chin is clinically observed.   Aim: To assess the effect of a treatment with hybrid hyrax, protraction mask and mini-implants in a patient for the correction of class iii malocclusion.   Results and conclusions: The combination of hybrid hyrax, face mask and Alt-ramec protocol responds to a real skeletal change due to the direct transmission of forces to the bone, thus abolishing the den- toalveolar camouflages that produce satisfactory results at the dental, facial and even psychological levels in patients with class iii skeletal malocclusion.

Aim: To present a case report on a morphological variation of the mandibular dental canal.   Materials and methods: Radiographic evidence of an adult woman from the urban area of Maniza- les-Colombia is provided, exhibiting an increase in size of the dental canal without clinical evidence of mandibular deformity or symptomatology. This could be associated with a benign tumor due to its behavior since it was identified as a radiographic finding in 2013.   Results: The biometric studies of the dental canal determine an average diameter of 2.5 mm in normal conditions, which makes us consider this expansion as an alteration of the inferior alveolar nerve.   Conclusions: An expansive bone alteration of a mandibular dental mega-canal is reported.