vol. 10 núm. 1 (2021)

Introduction: It seeks an approach to the exogenous shock caused by SARS CoV-2 and the degree to which it affected the MSMES (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) of the footwear industry in Colombia, by taking a radiography once social distancing rules are determined.  Companies are negatively affected by quarantine and the impact generated by uncertainty takes part in decisions, reducing the ability to accurately predict results with precision.  Methodology: In a descriptive way, and using a semi-structured questionnaire via phone, contact is made with 34 footwear MSMEs (located in the cities of Bogotá, Cali and Cúcuta); different aspects related to the operation and process of lockdown measures are explored as well as an implementation plan proposal. Results: Over three quarters of the enterprises haven’t been able to operate as they did before quarantine rules were established. Production and sales performance have suffered a significant decrease, which has reduced the cash flow and the ability to adapt their supply chain and production processes. MSMES of the sector have a very complex scenario so it’s important to determine strategies that allow them to manage the situation.  Conclusions: Since the footwear industry has been badly affected by considerable losses, strategies based on collaborative models and networking with an interface among the parts (private sector, public sector and labor unions) are necessary to reduce the high impact. Moreover, strategies such us supporting new technologies like the digital marketing and creating a multi brand store might help to restore this adverse effect.

Introduction: Based on this network model, the objective of this study is to establish, through discourse analysis, the relationships between input peripheries, incoming trans-peripheral nodes, peripheral centrals, central node, outgoing trans-peripheral node and output peripheries. Methodology: A qualitative exploratory study was carried out with in-depth interviews and discourse analysis of three participants in a professional training network. Results: The results show that innovation in the network is incipient and this implies the emergence of agents that, due to their management, innovation and entrepreneurship, turn out to be the only producers of knowledge that encourage students, practitioners or administrators, but do not receive any influence from them during the training and supervision of professional practices in companies that established collaboration agreements with the public university. Regarding the state of knowledge, the results of the present investigation were discussed.

Introduction: The objective of this research has been to analyze the relationship between an adaptive leadership style and the job performance of an organization in the Colombian electricity sector within the COVID19 context. Methodology: non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational design with a quantitative approach. Results: The main results obtained are the following: significant relationships of 0.814 are established; 0.688; 0.719 and 0.642 between the independent variable and the full dependent variable organizational performance along with its three study dimensions, address an adaptive challenge, manage an adaptive change and influence during an adaptive challenge, also confirming an increase in the perception of work performance of 96 % of people surveyed.

Introduction: The peasant economy, agroecological production, the relationship between grassroots social organizations, resilience to climate change and food sovereignty, are practices and proposals that are strengthened in the coffee territories of the department of Cauca, Colombia. However, in the first territorial scale, the farm as an integrated production system, and in a second, the territory; The socio-economic dynamics of Cauca coffee farming are incipient in relation to the own certifications that allow mitigating the problems of marketing agroecological and organic products, and strengthening the direct relationship between producers and consumers. Methodology: That is why this study proposes a route towards a Participatory Guarantee System (SPG), as a strategy and certification tool for local agri-food products where the collective action of the communities is highlighted, ties are consolidated of trust between producers and consumers, inducing new theories of organizational and territorial management. Cauca coffee growers not only produce coffee, their local economy is part of the commercialization of other products from their farms; and currently in conventional markets where they generally participate, their products are not being recognized by consumers as made with agroecological practices. As a reference to generate the route, two experiences were systematized in SPG, from the departments of Risaralda and Valle del Cauca, in Colombia, which are led by agroecological farmers in the region. Results: In this Participatory Action-Research (PAR) modality, it was possible to highlight success factors for the implementation of a PGS and qualitatively analyze the systematized case study. In the case of Caucanos coffee growers, there is a need to explore the identification of commercial circuits that allow them to sell their products in channels that reduce the participation of intermediaries and bring the producer closer with a sale based on direct consumer confidence.

Introduction: This article performs an analysis related to the protection of the Strategic Infrastructure - Critical from the Defense Sector. It understands the phenomenon that its protection conceives, and identifies the lessons learned that allow, even, to locate the starting point in which the sector through the Public Force can find itself, according to comparative parameters of the case of Spain. Methodology: an interview was conducted with expert personnel in security and defense issues, as well as in public security and infrastructure issues, with open and closed questions to those who were at a Management, Medium and Operational Level, in order to be able to collect both their knowledge, expertise and their vision of the proposed topic, and thus, obtain objective, critical and reliable results. Also, a checklist was structured in order to achieve a comparison of the main characteristics that allow verifying the degree of development of the Critical Infrastructure Protection Program that Spain currently has, compared to what was found in the Defense Sector and with in order to limit the confirmation and validation phase of the research that was carried out through the Group of Experts consulted, through feedback on the results obtained. Results: The present research, in addition to having a differentiating nuance from the topics normally addressed, makes it possible to highlight that the social sciences are fundamental for the research of Strategic-Critical Infrastructure, in a transdisciplinary way in several ways. In this sense, an attempt was made to consider throughout this research "the importance of security and defense as agents of stable and sustainable economic development" (Medeiros & Pereyra Bordón, s. F., P.115). Allowing to supply, descriptions that will be essential to generate transferability judgments to the context of the Defense Sector on the protection and administration of the Strategic - Critical Infrastructure, a concrete situation with unique characteristics.

Introduction: The aim of this article is to show the results found in a consulting project for Aerocivil. Methodology: a business case study was carried out to determine if it is possible to find a computer solution with Artificial Intelligence that allows obtaining answers in real time on queries that are had about the application to specific cases of the rules contained in the Aeronautical Regulations of Colombia (RAC). Results: This is why the project carried out an organizational consultancy to Aerocivil where the technical problem in which it is immersed was properly identified, the possible solution to the technical problem and administrative aspects were developed through a business case associates, who determined its viability and showed the possible applications in the management of different organizations.

Introducción: Avanzar en materia de diseño de servicios se ha convertido en una necesidad imperante para las empresas que buscan ofrecer a sus clientes opciones cada vez más innovadoras que los vincule emocionalmente a sus propuestas y los fidelice. Metodología: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la importancia de utilizar los avances científicos y tecnológicos en el diseño de servicios, enfatizando en la conexión emocional con el usuario que proveen filosofías de diseño como la ingeniería Kansei y el design thinking. Resultados: Con la aplicación práctica, basada en el uso del eye-tracking y los diferenciales semánticos, se logra evidenciar que los avances tecnológicos, adecuadamente enfocados al diseño de servicio, facilitan el conocimiento del cliente y por ende el desarrollo de soluciones más ajustadas a sus necesidades.