vol. 12 núm. 2 (2022): deporte, resiliencia y calidad de vida

This research provides a pedagogical model to enhance dialogic skills and abilities focused on the communicative towards the professional behaviour of the soccer coach, which constitutes a starting point for the understanding of the process of dialogic communicative intervention in direct verbal situations and of the complex nature of the process. For this reason, its pedagogical intentionality lies in modeling the procedures for the apprehension of the knowledge of the practice of dialogic communicative skills and abilities in the transformation of the professional behavior in sports training conditions as an expression of the theoretical-conceptual subsystem, where the culture of participation of the sports activity is developed, which expresses the dialectical relationship established between the epistemic-methodological process of the growing individualized significance from the communicational culture and the process of subjective-objective apprehension of knowledge of the dialogic communicative practice from the interpretative experience that demand a relevant dialogic communicative knowledge, know-how and willingness to do. Methods such as analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional, documentary analysis and participatory observation were used.

The hitter, when arriving to the batting box, finds himself amidst the most varied interpersonal and environmental influences that surround him. These influences are stressful and generate anxiety, and if the batter does not have the psychological mechanisms to counteract them, it will affect his attention and performance, which can cause depressive states or general discomfort for not achieving the expected sports performance. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological intervention plan with hypnosis as a therapeutic form to favor the regulation of anxiety in hitters of the social category of Santiago de Cuba in the period 2019-2020. In this research, the quantitative-qualitative, non-probabilistic, purposive, descriptive, pre-experimental methodology and an applied study were used. The  diagnostic results obtained  revealed, in a first cut, a considerable decrease of the psychosomatics effects of anxiety in batters, as well as their ability to identify the symptoms of anxiety at  psychological, physiological and behavioral levels, favoring their action in the regulation of these symptoms before, during and after the time of batting.

This research aimed to design a therapeutic strategy for beneficiaries with hemiparesis belonging to the Abel Santamaría urban center in Santiago de Cuba, in order to reduce the sequelae of the disease and the achievement of an active social life, taking into account the corresponding measures in the current COVID-19 times. Among the antecedents related to the treatment of the sequelae of cerebrovascular accident, we emphasize the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique, Bobath’s method, and different proposals that are mostly meant to the individualized care of people with neurological conditions. Scientific research methods such as observation, analytical-synthetic, measurement, systemic-structural-functional, and techniques such as interview and survey were used. A sample of 16 beneficiaries was selected, who underwent evaluation at two moments in time, with an interval of 14 months between each time. Positive qualitative and quantitative changes were obtained at the moments of application, which allowed them greater independence and performance during daily life activities.  Among the most significant results after the development and application of the strategy, the optimization of the recovery time and the systematic therapeutic care in the family environment are highlighted.

The purpose of the article is to describe how to achieve the peak of sport form, select the type of periodization according to the training needs and know how to use periodization according to the load. In the 1950s and 1960s, the scientific studies of the socialist school of sports training allowed the training load to be organized on a scientific basis in the microcycles of sports periodization. Nine types of periodization aim at the peak of sports form; the researchers of these conceptions are Matveev, Arosiev and Kalinin, Vorobiev, Tschiene, Verkhoshanski, Bompa, Issurin and Kaverin, Seirul-lo Vargas, and Navarro. The peak is achieved with adequate training load and planned rest. Sports games and combat sports warrant using a type of periodization according to the athlete's needs and it is important for the coach to know the training load of each periodization to structure this training content. Multiphasic training has been currently developed in Cuba, where the work structure is generally with two training loads. In conclusion, periodization is a content that needs more and more study so that coaches can structure high quality training for athletes in sports games and combat sports.

Currently, the treatment for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurocognitive fluctuations as a result of sports injuries is considered a relatively uncovered area under the sports neuroscience paradigm. For example, the compensatory neural changes (e.g., brain cortical changes) and the cognitive load can create a feedforward loop that affects recovery and relapse after a musculoskeletal injury. Although several methodologies have been promoted (e.g., brain mapping systems, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility), neuromuscular deficits are frequently non-assessed and non-intervened during rehabilitation practices. Here we present an up-to-date description of the most relevant CNS changes after injury, the concept of somatotopic maps, and their relationship with motor control, intracortical inhibition, and cortical facilitation processes. Neuroplasticity strategies beyond the traditional structural-based approaches on the injured tissue are also covered; however, further research is needed to establish evidence-based recommendations for sports professionals.

The purpose of this article is to provide some general information about sport climbing, which was recently included in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Likewise, the benefits that this sport generates in the people who practice it are highlighted. In this regard, motor skill aspects such as coordination, body awareness and locomotor skills are addressed first, then aspects of physical abilities are mentioned such as strength, endurance and flexibility, which are significantly fortified when climbing, but also contribute positively to the improvement of certain mental aspects, including attention and concentration.

Lifestyle risks during adolescence and early adulthood are latent, due to a series of changes in the development process, related to nutrition and physical activity, among others. The objective of this article was to characterize the anthropometric component, together with the eating habits of sweets and drinks in third semester students of the faculty of Physical Culture, Sports and Recreation of the Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá campus. The study was quantitative study, with a non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design. The sample, made up of 30 university students, was given a questionnaire on eating habits and an anthropometric assessment. The percentage of body fat of the women (23.5 ± 5.7) was higher than that of the men (11.5 ± 4.5); the muscle mass of men was higher (54.9 ± 7.2) than the average of the women (39.5 ± 2.4). The consumption of sweets was low, the highest percentages of consumption frequency were in items of never or less than once a month, while for drinks the highest frequency was more than six times a day. In men, the body fat percentage was mostly within the ranges of optimal and lean, while in women the percentage was between the levels slightly overweight and obese.

La Revista de Investigación Cuerpo, Cultura y Movimiento les hace llegar sus más sinceras congratulaciones por la prestancia y motivación al estudio de las temáticas que aquí se abordan. Debido a la necesidad de poner en manos de los investigadores estudios de conocimientos profundos, que contribuyan a dar significados y sentidos al quehacer pedagógico en las áreas del de la cultura física, el deporte y la educación física, se ofrecen soluciones de la ciencia, asumidas por los profesionales para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población y la sostenibilidad de la práctica deportiva en un mundo condicionado por el uso de las nuevas tecnologías. Por lo tanto, el abordaje de las temáticas expuestas muestra la esencia del hombre en su única y mejor condición social, que es la de ser humano.

The purpose of the research is to elaborate a methodology for developing psychomotor skills in children with pseudobulbar dysarthria that reveals the fundamental peculiarities of the process. The main problem is directed to the deficiencies detected in the didactic process of schoolchildren with this disorder that restrict their psychomotor development and their social inclusion. The main influences on the subject matter are Bécquer (2002), López (2012), Figueredo (2014) and Huepp (2018). They have offered cognitive treatises on the motor, cognitive and affective dimensions of schoolchildren; however, their contributions are not aimed at children with pseudobulbar dysarthria. Scientific methods such as analysis-synthesis, functional structural systemic, as well as techniques such as motor tests and case studies were used for the research. The proposal contributes, from the development of psychomotor actions, to benefit motor skills efficiency and social inclusion of schoolchildren with this disorder and allows them to embrace an independent, safe and quality mobility, by overcoming imposed social barriers.