vol. 11 núm. 1 (2021): ejercicio físico y salud

This study aims to analyze the anthropometric differences, motor coordination and genetics of children with and without learning difficulties. Sixty-one (61) children were evaluated, thirty-seven (37) without learning difficulties (N/TEM) and twenty-four (24) with difficulties (S/TEM). Protocols were used for the formal evaluation of the children and the teachers’ opinion about the difficulty in the children's learning process. For the anthropometric evaluation, the evolutionary neurological examination (ENE) and collection of fingerprints were applied. In the results, no significant differences were found in the anthropometric measurements. There were also no differences in coordination and balance tests (dynamic and static) between the groups. However, the groups differed in relation to dermatoglyphic indices such as the total number of lines (SQTL), deltas (D10) and between the Arch (A) and Whorl (W) designs, but not in the number of loop (L). The results suggest that anthropometry and motor coordination did not interfere with the literacy process of the sample studied. For its part, dermatoglyphics anticipates possible difficulties in general motor coordination. Therefore, dermatoglyphics can be a tool to aid in the genetic evaluation of children with literacy difficulties.

Este número se llevó a cabo en medio de los momentos más difíciles de la pandemia provocada por SARS-CoV-2 (covid‑19) en el mundo. Por esto, se destaca y agradece el inmenso trabajo que ha desarrollado la comunidad científica en el desarrollo de proyectos que contribuyen a identificar variables cruciales para la prevención y/o recuperación de esta enfermedad. Así, la sociedad dispone de estrategias para disminuir los efectos y propagación de este virus. Por otro lado, también extendemos nuestro reconocimiento a quienes continúan en la ardua labor de generar conocimiento desde sus áreas de experticia a pesar de las complicaciones que el distanciamiento social ha ocasionado en los procedimientos habituales, que, en muchos casos, han impedido la continuidad de algunos proyectos. Sin duda, la determinación, creatividad y capacidad para resolver estos problemas, brinda a la sociedad la posibilidad de obtener información actualizada, pertinente y confiable para tomar decisiones en el día a día que permitan incrementar la calidad de vida.

The article is a scientific research that addresses aspects of motor skills, supported by the fundamentals of biomechanics with a physical reasoning as sciences that study the movement of man in sports activity. The understanding of this knowledge increases the interest in physics in student-athletes of sports schools. To address this topic, a system of workshops supported with new information and telecommunications technologies (ICT) is proposed.

Knee injuries are common in athletes and recurrence after the first injury also occurs in most cases. Therefore, the number of studies on this topic is increasing, but there are few studies that relate the subject and its consequences to the detraining period, although this period can bring great losses. In order to identify these risk factors, a bibliographic review was carried out in the databases PubMed and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel, using the PICOT search strategy. Of the 354 articles identified, 12 met the criteria and were analyzed in their entirety, considering the hypothesis of a correlation between knee injuries and detraining. From this, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop a protocol for extended detraining to prevent withdrawal syndrome and promote the health maintenance in athletes, especially those who have suffered knee injuries. Finally, further research on the subject is suggested to confirm the correlation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptability of aggressive response in competition in a group of 192 university soccer players in Bogotá (men = 141 and women = 51) from the Information Integration Theory. A questionnaire with 24 scenarios was designed and applied combining the variables: importance of the game, previous aggression, and type of aggressive response. The results show the differences with respect to moral judgment of this behavior in four clusters from a k-means analysis and ANOVA. Differences were identified according to gender (T = 3.37, p < 0.002) and positions on the playing field (F = 2.83, p <0.05; ƞ²ρ = 0.44); however, the importance of the disputed game was not found to be context for the acceptability of aggression in any cluster. Finally, we discuss possible explanations of the failure of algebraic laws for the study of moral judgment in this research and make suggestions for improving studies on moral judgment in sports.

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the sleep patterns of male and female university athletes practicing soccer, basketball, volleyball, athletics, swimming, and taekwondo. A total of 114 athletes (56 men, 58 women) participated, who used a wGT3X-BT accelerometer during 7 days while sleeping. All measurements were taken at the beginning of the athletes' preparation period. Interactions between gender and sport were found for sleep efficiency (p = 0.006), time in awakening (p = 0.016), time in bed (p = 0.048) and sleep time (p = 0.006). The latency, as well as the number and duration of awakenings, did not differ between gender and sport. Regardless of the sport, men showed a greater number (p = 0.046) and duration (p = 0.002) of awakenings than women. Sleep efficiency and sleep duration values were lower than desired. It is recommended to monitor the sleep patterns of university athletes, since academic obligations could affect their sleep habits.

The objective of this study is to identify the level of acceptance that basic education students have towards the physical education class; in addition to knowing the degree of importance they give to this subject. The instrument was applied to 302 students in four primary schools of basic education in the state of Colima, two public and two private. The students’ age ranged from 8 to 13 years with an average of 10.35 years (±0.93), in grades 4th, 5th and 6th. The CAEF (Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Physical Education) was used, which is structured in four blocks: socio-demographic data, opinion on physical education classes, opinion on physical education teachers, and physical activity habits. The most relevant results show that students consider physical education to be of little use (m=1.97; ±0.43); however, the evaluation of the subject and of the physical education teacher is the factor with the highest score of the seven analyzed. It can be concluded that the physical education class has a high degree of acceptance by students; likewise, students in the private sector seem to value the subject and the teacher more than students in public schools.

Obesity is a disease that leads to dysfunction of many organs. High adipose content leads to a chronic inflammatory condition and sufficient reserves for adipocyte hypertrophy. If the effect of COVID-19 is combined with obesity its severity increases. Both results combined are extremely dangerous and decrease life expectancy. Even the care of people with obesity in hospitals is affected, making their care more difficult and requiring more staff. The mechanical ventilation needs of people with obesity are predictably increased and this can be crucial, as not all hospitals have this equipment. Therefore, exercising by combining strength and endurance training is another reason these days to fight the virus. Adding caloric restriction is also another key factor to achieve significant effects.

In this article, original research on COVID‑19 and physical education were analyzed to find fields of action and present key aspects to be considered by university teachers dedicated to teaching physical activity. The faculty has engaged to carry out teaching practices in basic education in Mexico, considering alternatives such as curricular adaptation, the alternative crisis of sedentary lifestyle and obesity in Mexico with the COVID‑19 pandemic, and physical activity with moderate to vigorous intensity as an essential and permanent part of the physical education class.