vol. 6 núm. 1 (2025): transactions on energy systems and engineering applications (in progress)

Building energy use, thermal comfort, natural ventilation, and indoor air quality are influenced by the occupant behavior related to the opening and closing of windows in residential buildings. Studies about window opening and closing behaviour focused mainly on environmental variables (indoor temperature and air quality, climatic factors) and contextual parameters (season, time of the day). This paper investigates the influence of factors related to window design and environmental variables on the frequency of opening and closing the windows and the duration of windows in the open position. The impact of window opening behavior on residential energy consumption is also explored in this study. Data related to window characteristics, ease of operation, hours of windows in open/closed state, and frequency of opening and closing the windows are collected through a questionnaire survey from 365 residences. Energy consumption data is obtained from utility bills and weather data from the meteorological department. Among 365 residences, window opening and closing behaviour were monitored in three residences with loggers for a year to validate the data collected through the questionnaire survey. This study reiterated the influence of environmental variables on the windows’ open duration and the frequency of opening and closing the windows. The results reveal that the window characteristics influence the windows’ open duration and the frequency of opening and closing the windows. The study divulged that energy consumption is influenced by the hours the window is in an open state and the frequency of opening and closing the windows.

The Leakage Inductance and Series Capacitance (LLSC) resonant converters are exhaustively employed in a wide assortment of industries involving consumer electronics due to their benefits of good efficiency, higher power density, immunity to electromagnetic interference, low EMI and harmonic distortion, wide production extends, voltage stress is lowered and frequency at high operating characteristic. Three of the most prominent converters with LLSC topologies are explored along with thorough analyses of their merits and disadvantages. The background of LLSC resonant converters are also discussed. A significant amount of research is also being done regarding large - scale production of LLSC resonant converters, namely in order to charge electric automobiles (EVs), solar systems, LED lighting drivers, and power supply for LCD TVs. Eventually, the growth of LLSC resonant converter is explained.