vol. 11 núm. 19 (2013)

The lacto goat whey (SLC) is a low economic value sub product, considered as industrial waste in Colombia, with negative environmental impact on ecosystems- (BOD 60,000 COD ppm and 80,000 ppm). This study aimed to characterize the SLC, multiply Lactobacillus helveticus (LH) strain and assess its applicability to the production of lactic acid-AL from LSLC treated and enriched with three nutrients. Variables studied following a latin greco square design. For this purpose kinetic 16 were carried out in intermittent biofermenter containing 250 milliliters of LSLC. Increased production of lactic acid (17.72 grams per liter) was achieved after 50 hours using a media containing 2.5% yeast extract, riboflavin 0.6% and 0.45% ammonium sulfate and the biofermenter operating at 42° C.

Pythium insidiosum is a globally distributed fungus that causes a fungal infection called Pythio-sis is considered an emerging disease in humans and animals. A definitive diagnosis involves clinical, epidemiological, histopathological and molecular correlations. There are no reports of Pythiosis diagnosis involving all these correlations in Colombia. In this study were confirmed Phytiosis in two horses in rural area of Puerto Boyaca (Boyaca, Colombia) presenting single,itching, ulcerated, granulomatous lesions on their limbs with serosanguineous suppuration. Biopsies were analyzed pathologically and histopathologically. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out from DNA extracted of paraffin blocks. This study report the first definitive diagnosis of phytiosis in Colombia based on the correlation between bio-geography area, the pathological and histopathological findings which included patterns like Splendore-Hoeplii and hyphae with rare septae (2.5 to 6.2 microns diameters of branching angled) along with sequenced DNA that showed 100% homology with the Pythium insidiosum sequence at the GenBank.

Microalgae are a source of a large number of bioactive compounds of industrial importance, such as carotenoids used as natural colorants in food and feed, as well as in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and aquaculture. They also have been studied as effective compounds for the prevention of different diseases due to their antioxidant, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. In biotechnology applications astaxanthin is the most important ketocarotenoide. Currently most astaxanthin is produced by chemical synthesis and sold at U.S. $ 2500/kg. The high price and increasing demand of this compound in different industries, especially of natural origin creates an interest in the astaxanthin production from microalgae as Haematococcus pluvialis that accumulate significant amounts (more than 4%/g dry weight) and better quality what is obtained from sources such as yeast and plants. The pigment accumulation in H. pluvialis occurs during the transformation of microalgae from the vegetative state (green phase) to aplanospora (red phase) when growth ends in the stationary phase. The types of stress that induce astaxanthin accumulation are temperature, light intensity, cycles of light / dark, nutrient concentration, pH, reactive oxygen species, salts and presence of metabolic processes inhibitors at different levels. Is important to take in account that this microalgae is hard to grow and obtain the pigment in amounts of interest could be complicated due to complex cell cycle. Similarly, a better understanding of the molecular basis of the relationship, stress-inducing conditions, astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis, might be helpful for increasing productivity of astaxanthin.

This study aimed to confirm the presence of Blocking Factors (BFs) in Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) from female normal reproducer and sub-fertile rabbit inoculated with two injection of the allogenic lymphotherapy (LIT) to analyze its effect on rate fertility and pregnancy success. The BFs measuring was done intervening MLC with MTT-Formazan non-radioactive technique.It was demonstrated BFs presence in MLC in female rabbit groups.. In sub-fertile female reproducers treated with allogenic lymphotherapy a significant increase in the level of FBs after every LIT was observed, as well as a rate fertility increase.. Furthermore, it was established that BFs act on cell proliferation inhibiting the MLC of other species, clearly indicating that the inhibit effect of the BFs is inter-specific and no intraspecific as had sustain until now.

Hepatitis is a viral disease that affects a large portion of the world’s population, which has a multifactorial etiology, thus to facilitate its study has been classified from A to E according with the characteristic. Additionally to viral hepatitis also occurs the autoimmune hepatitis, a disease of unknown etiology of which prevalence and incidence are increasing every year. There is few reports in the literature that describe the possibility of finding viral hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis in one patient at the same time. Nevertheless some studies have indicated that there is possible correlation between them, situation that make difficult its diagnosis, therapeutic approach, treatment and prognosis. A case of chronic B hepatitis with overlapped autoimmune hepatitis is reported aiming to, get a topic review and diagnostic difficulties.

This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial potential of Croton lechleri against aerobic bacterial isolates from patients with skin ulcers from Agua de Dios Sanitarium, (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Bacterial isolates were isolated and identified using the BBL-CrystalTM automated system. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated through disk diffusion, agar dilution and well diffusion, using standardized methods from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Ethanol extract and petroleum ether from Croton lechleri were used as substrates. Bacterial isolates were obtained from skin ulcers of patients in the hospital. ATCC reference strains were included in the assays as controls: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) and Escherichia coli (ATCC). The antimicrobial sensitivity tests demonstrated that Croton lechleri extracts were effective against almost all strains included in this study. Ethanol extract showed the greater antibacterial potential. The technique that showed the best sensitivity and reproducibility in vitro was the diffusion well.

In this article the international important standards of hazardous wastes are compared including definition, exclusion, declassification and identification.Some of the main hazardous wastes classification systems are: Basel convention about the control of cross-border movement of hazardous waste and its elimination, the European list of wastes (LER) and the U.S code of federal regulations 40 CFR 261. The three standards have big differences regarding the classification criteria and identification of hazardous waste therefore about their own classification lists. For this reason, this article aims to make a critical and comparative analysis between the three regulations to analyze the advantages and disadvantages in regard to different aspects related to this problematic (definition, exclusion, declassification and identification of hazardous wastes).

This study establishes a correlation between exposure and clinical alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Different dosages were applied, from the accepted safe dosage up to a significant increase dosage. The study was carried out under the laboratory animal center conditions at Universidad of Boyacá (Colombia). Due that ammonium perchlorate is one of the most used compounds as pesticide in Boyacá department this type of studies are extremely important. Using enzyme immunoassay in micro-plate (Accubind Elisa Microwells TSH and Kit Accubind Elisa Microwells T4L ) and following clinical analysis alterations in the hormonal axis were found which could be be indicative of a possible high risk in the future for individuals who handle this substance.

A portable, Internet-based EEG/Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) monitoring system was developed for remote electrophysiological studies during sleep. The system records EEG/AEP simultaneously at the subject’s home for increased comfort and flexibility. The system provides simultaneous recording and remote viewing of EEG, EMG and EOG waves and allows on-line averaging of auditory evoked potentials. The design allows the recording of all major AEP components (brainstem, middle and late latency EPs) and constituent single sweep EEG epochs. Auditory stimulation is remotely controlled from any internet-connected PC. The developed platform consists of a portable server computer for data acquisition and secured data transmission to the Internet, a web server for temporary storage, and a remote viewing station. During operation, signals are acquired during sleep and transmitted to the secured web server for controlled access viewing. The remote viewer station allows the user to continuously visualize the auditory evoked potentials, modify auditory stimuli at any time and adjust system parameters for its online computation. The developed internet-based EEG/EP system has been tested in a laboratory environment. Preliminary results demonstrate feasibility of remote real-time acquisition and viewing of EEG and EPs and future potential for home monitoring and telemedicine applications.

Desde el año 2002, la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca  (Unicolmayor), se propuso aportar a la construcción del conocimiento y al fortalecimiento de la comunidad científica y académica del país en el áreade las ciencias biomédicas con la creación de la revista NOVA. Hoy, 11 años después, se puede decir con toda certeza que ese propósito se ha cumplido y la universidad continuará por este camino que se ha abierto. Las áreasbiológicas y médicas se han beneficiado de la producción de artículos inéditos, producto de trabajos originales que son publicados en Nova, la cual ha sido editada por la misma universidad desde su comienzo, vincu