vol. 12 núm. 1 (2019)

The present article pretends to show, following Tomás de Aquino, the free action as a development, as a relaxation, of the being of the person. Freedom is interpreted, from this perspective, as the reflection by which the spirit turns on its own "esse" by volitional way; and since this "esse" possesses an intrinsic dynamism, an ordo, also the operation of the will will be subject to it. This intrinsic dynamism of the will, which is its natural ordering to the good in itself, is the foundation of all the precepts of the natural law, precepts toward which man tends by nature. From this ontological perspective, the relationship between the understanding and the will in the production of free action will be addressed, and it will be shown that practical judgment not only consists in "knowing" what needs to be done (intellectual knowledge), but also in "Feel it" (knowledge by connaturality).

This paper aims to critizice the political perspective that contemporany historiografy has used in the study of historical revolutions. In line with this objective, it examines four of the most important contemporany revolutions (the Rusian revolution, the American revolution, the French revolution and the Colombian revolution) using the Mathematics of History, a theory proposed by the catalan historian Alexandre Deulofeu. This new approach will allow us not only to make a different analysis of those revolutions but also to predict the future trends of those nations. Finally, this article outilnes a general classification of the diferent kinds of revolutions, regarding not their ideology but their structure.

When Jaume Balmes, at the beginning of his Fundamental Philosophy, presents self-consciousness as one of the three pillars that sustain the building of philosophical science, he makes a brilliant critique of Descartes famous principle «cogito ergo sum». He states that this formulation, so often praised for its extraordinary clarity, contains a large number of misunderstandings and inaccuracies. The purpose of this article is to link the balmesian notion of consciousness with the concept of tradition defended by Josep Torras i Bages. Tradition is like the memory or, in other words, the self-consciousness of people; the function exercised by the self in the personal subject is analogous to the function carried out by tradition in the collective subject.

Starting from the fact that Luther does not have a structured system about politics in general and taking into account his quality as a theologian, the article collects and comments on the main passages of his work where he manifests directly the attitude that, according to him, corresponds to anyone who holds some form of authority. In all of Luther's extensive work there is no systematic treatise on politics. Luther is and wants to be a theologian, but a theologian who knew how to be attentive to his social and political environment. Advising, responding to specific questions or reacting to very specific scenarios is showing their conception of authority and its purposes, as well as the attitude of the subjects before princes and rulers. Most of his reflections revolve around themes such as the love of Christians towards creation itself and its temporal form, respect for the authority of princes, as well as its limits, the collaboration of the subjects and causes of a possible disobedience or insubordination.

This article aims to illuminate the famous sentence attributed to the Thomistic bishop Josep Torras i Bages "Catalonia will be Christian or will not be" through a reflection of the Augustinian doctrine about the two cities; the contemporary reading of Augustine that is proposed will take special account of the contributions of the Constitution Lumen Gentium of the Second Vatican Council.

Man is a social being by nature, is in relationship with others to grow as a person and form an authentic community. The present article makes a brief tour of the Old Testament, from a community perspective, manifesting the divine pedagogy that introduces man into a dynamic of communion with others.

The Practicum of the Degree of Pedagogy of the University of Barcelona is composed of three essential subjects: Professionalization and Work Exits, Practices of Professional Initiation and External Practices. Through the research project The employability of the pedagogue: a necessary synergy between the organizations of practices and the University (REDICE 14- 1126), whose main purpose is to build a knowledge transfer community incorporating the participation of the tutors of the institutions’ practices, as key elements in the process of professional development of the professionals of the Pedagogy, it is tried to rethink the relations of knowledge transfer between the university and the organizations of practices. For this purpose, discussion groups, interviews and a questionnaire have been designed in order to collect the experiences and perceptions of the tutors. The results obtained from the analysis of the techniques and instruments used indicate 6 basic axes: 1) the importance of coordination, exchange and dialogue between all parties, which consists of sharing teaching plans, studies and know the needs of organizations; (2) the creation of a community of practice in which organizations have a relevant role; 3) the need for a mutual commitment: social responsibility, which takes into account labor competencies, market demands and career opportunities; 4) concern for the students, as the protagonist of their own process; 5) the availability of being a nearby university, which is open to society and; 6) training and counseling as mutual enrichment. All this will lead to the creation of a community manager in a virtual platform, offering a horizontal communication space and an agile, functional and open organizational structure.

As a result of this study, eight national bets were identified. Likewise, the methodology used allowed the identification of two fields of action for the USTA: Society and Environment. The identification of the fields of action USTA will facilitate the interdisciplinary cooperation for the approach of complex problems, the articulation of the substantive functions, the strategic development of Centers and Institutes of research, academic programs and strategies of social responsibility, among others.

Butterflies are a group of insects that generate great interest in children and adolescents for their color and shape, however, many are unaware of the role they play in agroecosystems and the importance of their conservation. In the municipality of Buenos Aires (Cauca), in the ethnogranja of the Valentín Carabalí Agribusiness Educational Institution, eight field trips were made during the month of September 2016, each one, with a duration of two hours. The group consisted of 20 students from grade 9.1 and 20 students from grade 9.2. Each group made a weekly visit to the ethno farm in which subgroups of 3 students were formed, who carried out the collections using an entomological network. The butterflies were sacrificed by placing light pressure on the thorax and stored in plastic jars. In the classrooms, theoretical classes on the taxonomy and the ecosystemic function of insects were developed. Also, the assembly and its identification by taxonomic keys, which was not confirmed by experts in the subject. We identified 12 species of butterflies of the families Nymphalidae and Pieridae, the most abundant species in the area were Dryas iulia and Ceratinia tutia. The students distinguished  the insects from other arthropods and identified the most common butterflies in the area. Butterflies are a group of insects that facilitate an approach to taxonomy and create environmental awareness about the conservation of fauna in children and adolescents.

This article aims to describe and analyze the uses of TIC in an Educational Institution of the Municipality of Chia, and the understanding of the use of TIC as cognitive tools, as well as propose improvements aimed at the integration of TIC in the teaching of teachers and the curricular impregnation of the TAC. This research gathers the general and particular impressions of an educational community through the interpretation of the data collected through the selected Instrument with respect to how research processes were developed using TIC, and trying to identify particularly how TIC was used for the research in each of the Research Groups of an Educational Institution of the Municipality of Chia (Colombia).

This article aims to describe and analyze the process of introducing research as an educational axis of TIC in an Educational Institution of the Municipality of Chia. The Educational Institution, following the triple dimension of its Institutional Educational Project, this is: Research, Technology and Environment, decided to designate the 20% destined to the complementary or optional areas, to establish the subject "Research Methodology" with one hour weekly sixty minutes in all grade levels, from Preschool to Academic Media Education (Pre-garden to tenth grade), also decided to create specific academic spaces for "Research Groups" with a weekly hour of sixty minutes. The Research Groups are offered in the three school sections: Preschool Education, Primary Basic Education (from First grade to Fifth grade), Basic Secondary Education and Academic Media. Preschool has a Research Group guided by the tutors and which deals with a topic of interest specific to their age. The sections of Primary Basic Education and Secondary and Academic Average Education, have five groups each: Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Spanish Language and Foreign Language (English). The students of each section can choose the group they wish to belong to according to these five proposals, and they share the Research Project with the peers of their section who share the same topic of interest.

This article aims to describe and analyze the uses of ICT in an Educational Institution of the Municipality of Chia, and the perception of students and teachers. This study allows the approach and perception to the use of the TIC in the diverse academic spaces, its relation with the investigation, the use of the Platforms that the School provides in the process of learning, the relation between the social networks and the learning, some perceptions about ICTs and the need to critically access information, the relationship between ICT and interdisciplinarity, the use that ICTs are given to seek the approach between school and family, and finally , it is intended to know the appreciation of ICT as a tool to optimize the learning and research process.

Puede explicarse la crisis profunda y universal, que se vive en el siglo XXI, heredada del anterior, por el olvido de los conceptos o valores trascendentales, que son la trama o urdimbre de toda visión metafísica del mundo, por constituir los ejes estructurales de toda realidad. Sin trascendentales, en la cultura occidental se ha sustituido la entidad o realidad por la información de los medios de comunicación y hasta por los espacios virtuales; la esencialidad o racionalidad, por la emotividad y el sentimentalismo; la unidad, posibilitadora de toda multiplicidad, por fragmentarismos y localismos postmodernos; la individualidad, por la mediocridad y masificación; de la verdad por la verificación, en las ciencias y en la técnica, y por la opinión en los otros ámbitos de la vida humana, e incluso por la denominada posverdad o creencia en la falsedad emotiva; de la bondad, por la utilidad; y de la belleza, por la sensualidad.