núm. 12 (2006)

The clinical case of a racially mixed canine patient of 7 years of age that was presented to medical consultation at the Small Animal Clinic of the Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad del Tolima, with the next symptoms: polaquiuria, disuria, tenesmo, fever, ponderal loss. The data obtained from the anamnesis, physical examination and paraclinic studies allowed to diagnose prostate abscesses, the surgical treatment consisted of applying the combination of two surgical techniques, the technique of multiple drainage with a penrose dren and omentalitation.

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the productive performance of Oreochromis niloticus fry chitralada strain, feed with different energy and protein levels. Six diets with two energy levels (3300 and 3600 kcal/kg.) and three protein levels (35, 40 and 45%) were implemented, generating six different energy / protein levels (10.28, 9.42, 9.0 8.25, 8.00 and 7.33 kcal ED/g PC). A batch of 192 fries which came from a commercial farm was distributed randomly in four treatment aquariums with a density of 8 individuals per aquarium. Food was provided at will twice a day (8:00 and 15:00 hours). The starting weight of the fry was registered, and later every 15 days, until day 45, in which the essay finished. Weight gain (GP), specific growth rate (TCE), alimentary conversion factor (FCA), the efficiency in energy and protein use (EUE and EUP), energy and protein retention rates (TRE and TRP) and survival were evaluated. It was concluded that for the (GP), 8.25 and 9.42 energy / protein relations were the best results (p<0.05). As per TCE, FCA, EUE y EUP there were not significant differences among the treatments used (p>0.05); a similar behavior was observed in TRP, but TRE was significantly superior (p<0.05) with an energy / protein relation of 7.33, and in general it was better in the treatments with 3300 kcal/kg with respect to 3600 kcal/kg. Survival was not affected by the treatments (p>0.05).

In spite of the verified capacity to improve the performance in pigs, the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters comes progressively being restricted in diverse countries. The new regulations tend to look for new alternatives the antibiotic use and quimioterapeutic like growth promoters in pigs. In these alternatives, nutraceutics constitute one of the investigated options. The objective of the work was to evaluate oregano antimicrobial effects on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, in the daily gain of weight, nutritional conversion and presentation of diarrheas in pigs just weaned. Three groups of pigs of 21 days of age, F1 (Landrace x Large White) were studied, during four weeks from which one of these groups was taken like control group (commercial food), and the other two group with food made at the farm with two different oregano concentrations from (03 and 06 % respectively). Diets contein maize flour and soja supplementation with aminoacids and essential minerals for the pigs diet. The project lasted a month in which the weight gained by the animals and the nutritional conversion of such was moderate weekly; also it was compare oregano effectiveness with respect to a commonly concentrated. The results of the study showed significant differences between the studied groups, in daily gain of weight, conversion index and presentation of diarrheas. The most significant conclusion is that the alternatives for promotional antibiotics of growth improve the productive parameters in pigs, in addition, of the antimicrobial effect that they have.

It is presented the data base VETUAN I which contein electrocardiographic measures from 100 canine pacients without any cardiac abnormalities examined in the Veterinary Clinic Veteriland at Bogotá, Colombia with professionals from the Veterinary Faculty of Antonio Nariño University. Measures taken were: waves duration and amplitude of cardiac cicles including three bipolar derivations and cardiac axis. The principal objective of this work is to present an actualization that has been used since 1960 when United States made it for the first time. Results showed great variations in the cardiac parameters, so it can be concluded that cardiac dinamycs depends strongly of environmental factors specially the altitude over sea level.

The study was carried out at Bogotá city, at a medium altitude of 2600 mosl, with temperature average of 14°C. A sampling was made in Polideportivo el Salitre, and another one in the Central Park of Modelia. The objective was to scan and standarize the physiological changes that appear in canine athletes, as response to the exercise made in Agility sport. Fifteen canine females of different races, of the schools of Atalanta and X-treme Dog Ltda were sampled. The control was obtained from individuals in rest, previous to the exercise, immediately to their arrival to the investigation area, where the tracks were located, and that, included the measure of rectal temperature, pulse, respiratory frequency and of arterial blood (femoral artery). The arterial sample was processed with portable sanguineous analyzer, obtaining hematocrite, hemoglobine, sodium, potassium, chloride, ureic nitrogen (BUN), glucose, sanguineous lactate, pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), oxigen pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide tension, (TCO2), bicarbonate, oxygen saturation (SO2), excess of base (BE), anion gap and osmolality. Then the training began so, that it simulated a real competition, where each canine passed four times by the track, and at the end the animals were analized, following the procedure for control samples. The results were compared pre and post exercise, appearing: increase for Temperature, respiratory Frequency, pulse, pH, Hematocrite, Hemoglobine, Sodium, Chloride and Osmolality (P<001); increase for Potassium, Lactate and Glucose (P<0.01); rise for PO2, SO2 and BUN (P<0.05); reduction for PCO2, TCO2, BE and Anion gap (P< 001). In summary, canines at Bogotá, had evidence of hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis accompanied with a compensatory metabolic acidosis and hemoconcentration by a dehydration classified as hyperosmotic, after an Agility competition.

Avian tuberculosis diagnosis was made in captive wild birds (Burhinus bistriatus and Porphyrula martinica) from a zoo park at Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia). Based on this diagnosis, a surveillance approach was designed in order to demonstrate whether or not a focus of tuberculosis infection caused by Micobacterium avium was present at this zoo with the purpose to identify a possible hazard to prevent the infection of other bird population, visitors and workers of the park. Clinical, morphological (gross and microscopic) are described in this article, but microbiological (culture in specific media), epidemiological (DPP) and molecular (PCR) studies, will be shown in other journal. In this work animals were organized en three different groups as follow: Five Hy line Brown chicken tuberculosis free coming from a commercial farm (sentinel group). A mixed group birds (102 animals) from the pens around the primary focus (28 dukes, 25 “guacamayas”, 26 parrots and 23 rapacious birds), (highest risk group). Five birds within the pen in which the diagnosis was made (contaminated birds group). It was demonstrated granulomatous lesions in animals from the sentinel group as well as in those from the pen in which the first diagnosis was made. Lesions were founded in liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, intestines and in one case in the white matter and leptomeniges of the spinal cord were affected. Ziehl – Neelsen positive rods were identified in all the affected tissues. No tuberculosis lesions were found in animals caged in neighborhood pens. It was concluded that there is an infectious focus of tuberculosis (micobacteriosis) caused by M. avium in the zoo, but the focus is located only in one pen and this focus could represent a critical risk of infection with M. avium for some of the birds within the zoo, wild and eventually commercials birds and the human beings as well. It is recommended that prevention, control and eradication measurements have to be made to prevent the spread of tuberculosis at the zoo.

In this paper it is described the characterization of the bovine mastitis in ten representative dairy cattle farms at Savannah of Bogotá, focusing in the study of the problem during two years with bimonthly visits. They were performed different types of field tests and laboratory test: general management of the farm, production records, the CMT, bacteriological cultures in Blood Agar, Mac Conkey Agar Sabouraud Agar, and Somatic Cell Count. These tests were performed in 644 cows and 2576 quarters with bimonthly visits, this gave a total of 7866 observations in cows and 31464 observations in quarters during the whole study. Complementary to the study, a weekly following was done during three months, to a group of 30 cows in three farms with milking by hand to determine the effect of the infection in the production of milk by quarters, using a bucket designed by the author. The results suggest a greater effect of the infection in the farms with mechanical milking where it was found a 61,2% of infection in cows, 30% of subclinical infection in quarters and a 4,7% of clinical infections in quarters. In the farms with milking by hand the infection was 48% in cows, 23.6% in quarters and a 3.6% of clinical mastitis cases. It was found a correlation of 91% between the CMT and the Somatic Cell Count, this agrees with the results of the other investigators. Turning to the different isolated microorganisms, it was found as prevailing Streptococcus agalactiae in the milking by hand and Staphylococcus aureus in the mechanical milking, and it was discarded the possibility of finding coliform microorganisms as a mastitis causative during the study. Refering to the effect in the production, they were registered losses up to five litres daily per affected cow, taking as indicator the CMT and the milk weigh. Also, it could be defined a decrease in the production by quarter of: 0.42, 0.9 1.47, and 2.4 litres when the CMT readings (traces, 1,2,3,) were referred and was being used the bucket designed for this study. It was performed a revision of some economic and social limits to improve the status of the disease in the farms.

The present study was carried out in AGRINSA CORP (Tolima), the objective was to evaluate a technological system of appropriate handling for the intensive bovine feeding. 30 young bull commercial Zebu were used with an average first weight of 210 kg within a design of blocks totally randomized in three treatments, which consisted on the inclusion of 57,7% (T1), 47,1% (T2) and 36,8% (T3), from the mixture of fuzz of Rice with brioler litter, the other ingredients were: Cotton seed, flour of rice, cotton dung, tortave, molasses, and a premixture of vitamins and minerals. The test took 105 days, when concluding the experiment an increase of live weight was observed, it was bigger in animals that were into the third Treatment (p <05) with values of 1,012 (g/day), followed by treatment two with 840 g/day and Treatment one with 680 gr/day. The evaluation of feed intake showed that the third treatment was the best, with statistics differences among the treatments (p <05); however the best nutritious conversion was evidenced within the second Treatment (6,91) overcoming to treatment three (7,04). In the digestibility analysis of diets, the best index obtained was in the third treatment with 63,38%, followed by the second treatment (59,11%) and the first Treatment (51,53%), in the same order the treatment with more profitability was the third Treatment (12,4%), in Treatment two was obtained a percentage of 9,94%, and the first treatment obtained a negative percentage of -6,58%. The handlings of the young bulls in mobile, folding and disable facilities were appropriate and completed the purpose for this design.