vol. 10 núm. 2 (2021): vol. 10 núm. 2

Purpose: the study's aim is to make a biomechanical examination of the inclusion of active flexibility in artistic gymnastic movements requiring mobility (actively moving through a range of motion), flexibility and other motor abilities such as force, power, etc. Methods: the study included 20 girl gymnasts aged 7-9 years old, with a body height of 140.7±10.2, weight of 34.1±6.4, and body mass index of 17.6±3.0. Data collection in the study was made by using a performance test developed by the World Gymnastics Federation, including the Forward-Backward Split, Side Spit, Arm-Trunk Angle Backward, Leg Raise forward, Leg Raise Sideward, Angle Degree of the Leg Split Position in Cartwheel, and Arm-Upper Body Angle Backward in Bridge Technique. In the data analysis of the variables in the study, the Kinovea 0.8.15 and SPSS 24 software programs were used. Results: the results of the study showed statistically significant differences between active flexibility and mobility (p<0.05). While the range of motion was found to be high during the application of techniques requiring active flexibility, it was observed that the range of motion was lower in techniques requiring mobility. Conclusion: having good flexibility does not necessarily mean that an athlete will have good mobility. Being aware of the differences between active flexibility and mobility is crucial to clarify functional flexibility, which positively affects solving confusion in training programs that aim to improve the flexibility and mobility performance of gymnasts.

Objetivo: diseñar y validar una prueba para valorar la habilidad de desplazamiento no lineal subacuático con deportistas de la Liga Antioqueña de Actividades Subacuáticas. Método: participaron en el estudio 26 rugbistas subacuáticos (15 hombres, 11 mujeres). Se diseñó un test de cambios de dirección subacuático (CDS) y se aplicó en dos momentos (test y post test) con un intervalo de 7 días entre las tomas. Resultados: se encontró que el test de cambios de dirección subacuático tiene una alta confiabilidad y consistencia en hombres y en mujeres. Conclusión: el test diseñado (CDS), en una sesión, no invasiva y económica, demostró concurrencia y confiabilidad para evaluar deportistas y posibles respuestas a entrenamientos en la habilidad de desplazamientos no lineales subacuáticos, convirtiéndose en la primera herramienta válida para la valoración de dicha habilidad.

Problem: the article highlights the problem of improving modern methods of strengthening the physical health of preschool children, the importance of using modern fitness methods to strengthen the muscles of the spine, the formation of correct posture at an early stage of development of children. One of the ways to solve the problems of children's health improvement and prevention of various disorders in the formation of the spine and skeletal muscles of young children is proposed: fitball aerobics classes, as a type of fitness aerobics 22 using large gymnastic balls - fitballs. Objectives: to characterize fitball-aerobics, as preschool children’s innovative means of physical education, to develop a methodology for the complex effects of fitball-aerobics exercises on the development of physical abilities of preschool children’s age, to determine its effectiveness. Method: the research was conducted in the period from 2016 to 2018 on the basis into educational organizations of preschool education in Chelyabinsk. Children of preschool age took part in the aged 5-7 years. A total of 40 children participated in the experiment (20 in the control group, 20 in the experimental group). The work done does not infringe on the rights and does not jeopardize the well-being of schoolchildren in accordance with the ethical standards of the Committee for the Rights of Experiments of the  Helsinki Declaration. Parental consent to examine children was obtained. A methodology developed and tested was used for the complex effect of aerobic fitball exercises on the development of physical abilities in preschool children. Results: the results of the study confirmed the hypothesis put forward (the developed methodology for the complex effect of fitball-aerobics exercises on the development of physical abilities preschool children will be effective). Conclusion: Physical Education based on the use of fitball-aerobics elements have a positive impact on the development of physical abilities of preschool children aged 5-7, motivates to engage in physical culture and sports. At the end of the pedagogical experiment, the children of the experimental group showed significantly higher results than peers from the control group.

Objetivos: establecer el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a los programas  recreodeportivos que ofrece la Institución Universitaria, e indagar por las prácticas de deporte y actividad física durante la pandemia de Covid 19. Métodolo: se diseñó y envió un cuestionario online a los estudiantes que participaron en los programas recreo-deportivos ofrecidos por la institución durante los semestres 2019-2 y 2020-1. Resultados: los servicios son bien valorados por la mayoría de los estudiantes y, a pesar del confinamiento, siguen entrenando o haciendo actividad física. Además, proponen prácticas o modalidades deportivas que no se encuentran en la oferta actual, lo que aporta información sobre las preferencias de deporte, recreación y actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios. Conclusión: conocer la percepción sobre los servicios y las preferencias de los estudiantes, aporta información útil para cualificar el diseño y la oferta de programas.

Objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-week lower-body EMS (LB-EMS) training and detraining on anthropometric parameters and muscular performance. Method: physically active 38 volunteers (21.5±2.5 years, 175±6.5 cm, 67.7±7.7 kg, BMI: 21.7±1.9 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 14.4±5.3 %) were randomly divided into LB-EMS group (n: 16) and voluntary group (n: 22). In pre-training, post-training and post-detraining, anthropometric measurements and tests including squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), 40m sprint, knee isokinetic strength at 60, 180 and 300o.s-1 angular velocities, anaerobic power (AP) and anaerobic capacity (AC) were conducted. EG with LB-EMS and VG without LB-EMS participated in the training applied with maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) between the knee joint angles of 110-120o on a seated leg press machine for a 6-week. Following this period all participants didn’t perform any lower-body exercises during 4-week detraining period. Results: in SJ, significant differences between the groups (p: 0.043) and within the groups (p: 0.034) were reported after training and detraining. No statistically significant intergroup difference was reported in terms of parameters of anthropometry, CMJ, 40m sprint, isokinetic strength, AP-AC. The results showed that 6-week LB-EMS training and the following 4-week detraining didn’t have effect on muscular performance parameters except for SJ. As a result, the 6-week LB-EMS training and the following 4-week detraining didn’t cause any change in anthropometric and muscular performance parameters except for SJ height. Conclusion: It has concluded that LB-EMS training applied to MVICs isn’t more effective than conventional voluntary training in physically active individuals.

Objetivo: describir el rendimiento táctico ofensivo en futbolistas universitarios del Colegio Mayor de Antioquia en el primer semestre 2020. Método: estudio con diseño transversal descriptivo y muestra no probabilística intencionada de 20 sujetos pertenecientes al seleccionado de fútbol. Los datos se recolectaron con bioimpedancia Omron HBF-516 y Team Sports Assessment Procedure.  Resultados: los resultados de las variables de rendimiento táctico-técnico registraron medias en volumen de juego de 19,13 (DE = 4,22), en eficiencia táctico-técnica de 0,66 (DE = 0,28) y en rendimiento ofensivo de 16,04 (DE = 4,38). Estas variables entre el primero y el segundo tiempo no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Sin embargo, la eficiencia táctico-técnica registró un cambio positivo de 31,03% y el rendimiento ofensivo de 7,23%. De igual manera, los resultados por posición de juego no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: los futbolistas del seleccionado del Colegio Mayor de Antioquia tienen un nivel medio de rendimiento ofensivo, sin modificación del desempeño entre primero y segundo tiempo; además, no existen diferencias de rendimiento por posición, por lo cual se propone un plan de entrenamiento basado en el Tactical Games Model para mejorar el rendimiento táctico-técnico.