vol. 10 núm. 17 (2014)
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- University Desertion and Retention: A Bibliographical Study
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Fernández Hileman, María Del Rosario; Corengia, Ángela; Durand, Julio; Fernández Hileman, María Del Rosario; Corengia, Ángela; Durand, Julio; Fernández Hileman, María Del Rosario; Corengia, Ángela; Durand, Julio
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
This article presents a bibliographical study of the phenomena of university desertion and retention, including a review and summary of the main empirical studies and theoretical perspectives that addressthis subject in Argentina and other countries. Firstly, the problem of desertion is shown in numbers, in specific terms and in Argentinian and international contexts. Next, the article looks at substantive conceptual perspectives based on sociological, psychological, organizational, economic and cultural theories, as well as the empirical studies that support these along with other theoretical clarifications. Within the framework of these empirical studies, the study then highlights actions and programs carried out over the past 40 years to improve retention in higher education. Finally, conclusions are offered as material for future research. - Critical Aspects of Piaget’s Conception of Numbers
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Navarro, José I.; Navarro, José I.; Navarro, José I.
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
According to the constructivist theories of Piaget, in order for small children to learn mathematics, they must first be taught the logical processes and their organization, as these are prerequisites for acquiring number concepts. As shown in recent scientific research into mathematical learning, however, this Piagetian concept of number acquisition in children is not sufficiently justified. It is clear that children starting school have much to learn about arithmetic, and their understanding of numbers improves with age and learning, but this does not mean that they lack accurate notions of numbers before beginning their education, or even from birth. Piaget designed ingenious procedures to study the acquisition of the prerequisites for numeracy (seriation, conservation, correspondence), but empirical research tells us that when children aged from 3 to 6 are presented with non-verbal situations analogous to those designed by Piaget, their ability with numbers develops dramatically. This study looks at Piaget’s classic experiment of number conservation and critically analyzes Piagetian theory based on the results of parallel experiments. - Coping Strategies and Parenting Styles in Mothers of Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: González, Rocío; Bakker, Liliana; Rubiales, Josefina; González, Rocío; Bakker, Liliana; Rubiales, Josefina; González, Rocío; Bakker, Liliana; Rubiales, Josefina
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
The aim of this study was to compare coping strategies and the parenting styles of mothers of children who have and have not been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (adhd). The sample consisted of two groups: one of mothers of a child diagnosed with adhd (n = 14) and a control group (n = 35). The methodological approach was to apply two scales that evaluate parental educational styles and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (csq), designed to evaluate seven basic coping styles. The results show differences in the perception of parenting styles of mothers of children with adhd compared to the control group, taking the form of more criticism, less expression of affection and more rigid educational behavior. While there were no significant differences between groups in terms of the coping strategies used, a tendency could be seen among mothers of children with adhd to rely more on rational and emotional coping strategies. Identifying the most effective parenting style and coping strategies has direct implications for the treatment of this disorder, as these could have an important impact on how a child’s illness develops. - Bonds that Provide the Most Satisfaction in Elderly People’s Social Support Networks
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Polizzi, Luciana; Arias, Claudia Josefina; Polizzi, Luciana; Arias, Claudia Josefina; Polizzi, Luciana; Arias, Claudia Josefina
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Social support networks are a subject of major interest in relation to elderly people. Their effect on allround wellbeing has been extensively shown and they have thus been included among the main objectives, strategies, plans and international recommendations directed towards the elderly population. This study aims to both identify and characterize the bonds of the social support network that provide the most satisfaction in this phase of life, and also to evaluate the support functions that these fulfil, according to the subject’s living arrangements. A non-experimental, cross-sectional design was implemented for this descriptive-correlational study. A non probability/intentional sample of 120 elderly people (aged from 60 to 85) was selected, of both sexes and from three types of living arrangements: living alone, living only with a partner, and living with other family members. A questionnaire of socio-demographic data and the Structured Interview of Social Support Sources (Vaux & Harrison, 1985) was applied to the sample. The results show the central role that children, the partner and friends play in old age. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in the bond that gave the most satisfaction according to gender and living arrangements. - The Psychological Significance of Quality of Life for Mexican Adolescents
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Guadarrama Guadarrama, Rosalinda; Hernández Navor, Julio César; Veytia López, Marcela; Márquez Mendoza, Octavio; Guadarrama Guadarrama, Rosalinda; Hernández Navor, Julio César; Veytia López, Marcela; Márquez Mendoza, Octavio; Guadarrama Guadarrama, Rosalinda; Hernández Navor, Julio César; Veytia López, Marcela; Márquez Mendoza, Octavio
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
The first objective of this research was to determine the psychological significance of the concept of quality of life among a sample of 300 Mexican adolescents aged from 12 to 16, using a technique of semantic networks. This technique enables close study of the collective significance of an object, word or expressions, with the emphasis on cognitive processes, in order to understand their interpretation and the repercussions of this on a subject’s mental health. The second objective of the study was to determine the dimensions of the concept of quality of life in Mexican adolescents. The results, both generally and by gender, indicate that Mexican adolescents interpret the concept of quality of life as a general state of satisfaction primarily consisting of elements such as belonging to a family, love and health, which are spread across each of the ten dimensions found in the research. In conclusion it was found that quality of life in Mexican adolescents is defined based on the interaction of multiple psychosocial and personal factors with which the subject can realize their potential to achieve wellbeing and satisfaction in the context they live in. - Suicide Risk and Hopelessness in Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Montaño, Shirley Hawkins; Valencia Zableh, Alberto; Caamaño León, Beatriz; Ceballos Ospino, Guillermo; Montaño, Shirley Hawkins; Valencia Zableh, Alberto; Caamaño León, Beatriz; Ceballos Ospino, Guillermo; Montaño, Shirley Hawkins; Valencia Zableh, Alberto; Caamaño León, Beatriz; Ceballos Ospino, Guillermo
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Although hopelessness (H) is known to increase the risk of suicide (RS), this information had not been shown in a representative sample of psychiatric patients hospitalized in Santa Marta (Colombia). This study sought to describe the prevalence of rs and h, and find a link between them according to socio-demographic and clinical variables, in patients with psychiatric disorders. A cross-sectional, correlational descriptive study was conducted, evaluating 61 patients using the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and a socio-demographic data survey. The results highlighted that 60.7% of the sample presented rs and 70.4% presented h. A significant correlation was found between rs and h, and also between rs and previous suicide attempts. No correlation was found between RS, H and socio-demographic and clinical variables. In conclusion, the higher the level of H, the higher RS in the study population. - Psychological Evaluation of Non-Verbal Relational Communication
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Sánchez Aragón, Rozzana; Sánchez Aragón, Rozzana; Sánchez Aragón, Rozzana
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Relational communication represents the primary interaction mechanism between members of a close relationship, as it plays a role in developing bonds—either of intimacy or hostility—between the people in the relationship across both communication channels (verbal and non-verbal). Due to its complex nature, non-verbal communication has not been easily or frequently operationalized (for example, Burgoon & Hale, 1987; Kahn, 1970; Riggio, 2006), and even less so in the context of the Mexican culture, which is characterized by the great importance of personal relationships (Díaz, 1994). Thus, the aim of this study is to develop and validate two self-reports on participants’ perspectives of messages received based on their partners’ non-verbal behavior. The study used a non-probability sample of 367 adults with partners in Mexico City, who responded to the “Non-Verbal Communication Scale – Perception” and the “Non-Verbal Communication Scale – Interpretation” self-reports. The results showed two valid and reliable measures whose factors were strongly supported by the literature on personal relationships and communication. - Exploratory Research Study of School Bullying in Medellin
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: González Rodríguez, Viviana; Mariaca Patiño, Jorge Iván; Arias Tobón, Jacinta Lucía; González Rodríguez, Viviana; Mariaca Patiño, Jorge Iván; Arias Tobón, Jacinta Lucía; González Rodríguez, Viviana; Mariaca Patiño, Jorge Iván; Arias Tobón, Jacinta Lucía
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
This is an exploratory research study into school bullying among students in Medellin. To carry out the study, 3,373 virtual surveys were conducted across 36 secondary education centers, and this data was used to identify the presence of bullying and the specific forms it takes, according to variables such as age, gender and school grade. The results show that 37.6% of students across both sexes and across all school grades have come into contact with bullying, manifested in behavior such as intimidation and verbal, physical and psychological aggression. The most common forms of aggression were verbal and psychological, and these usually occurred in the presence of peers and teachers in the classroom. The main names given to students who engage in bullying are aggressor and abuser. - Editorial
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Tamayo Agudelo, William; Tamayo Agudelo, William; Tamayo Agudelo, William
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Durante los últimos dos años hemos adelantado una serie de transformaciones con el objetivo de posicionar a Pensando Psicología como una publicación de referencia obligada para la región, tanto en nuestro país como en Latino-américa. Toda persona involucrada en procesos editoriales comprende que esta labor es bastante difícil. La robustez de la ciencia en un determinado país se ve reflejada en el número y la calidad de sus publicaciones. En nuestro contexto, a pesar de que la inversión en ciencia y tecnología es baja, comparada con la de otros países de la región, la ciencia psicológica cuenta con publicaciones serias y rigurosas, lo que hace a Colombia un destino atractivo en términos de la publicación de investigaciones de punta en ciencias del comportamiento. - German Influences in Colombia and their Current Exhortation to Psychologists
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Ramírez Tobón, John Alejandro; Ramírez Tobón, John Alejandro; Ramírez Tobón, John Alejandro
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Germany represents a worldwide reference in many fields of human knowledge, especially in science and the humanities. This essay attempts to explain how Germany, from the end of the 19th century to the 1970s, influenced Colombia in three fields of humanities: philosophy, psychology and pedagogy. These three closely related disciplines were enriched by German knowledge and the advances of such prominent figures as Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wundt and Franziska Radke. This article relates the influence of each of these figures to a specific discipline. At the end of the essay, the contributions of Nietzsche and Heidegger are revisited and thus become the central argument of this piece in explaining the continued validity of both approaches in current-day Colombia. Thus the “incarnation” of the forgetting of being proposed by Heidegger, and the reclaiming of the human put forward by Nietzsche are affirmed. Furthermore, an invitation is extended to psychology, based on the thinking of both philosophers, to propose alternatives from its research practice or intervention that promote this “return to being”, interpreted in this text as a “return to the human”. In this sense, the role of the psychologist is reaffirmed in a dehumanizing context such as that created by the Colombian conflict. - Evaluation of Community Processes and Analysis of Inter-Organizational Networks: Improving the Effectiveness of Community Intervention
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Ramos Vidal, Ignacio; Holgado, Daniel; Maya Jariego, Isidro; Palacio, Jorge E.; Ramos Vidal, Ignacio; Holgado, Daniel; Maya Jariego, Isidro; Palacio, Jorge E.; Ramos Vidal, Ignacio; Holgado, Daniel; Maya Jariego, Isidro; Palacio, Jorge E.
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
The aim of this article is to investigate the connection that exists between the psychological sense of community, community participation, and the analysis of organizational networks, examining the influence of these approaches on individual, organizational and community levels of analysis. Accordingly, we review the literature from each of these three perspectives, then analyze the way they are linked with different levels of analysis. Finally, we offer some suggestions as to how the application of a multi-level ecological approach could improve the effectiveness of community intervention. - Disability in the Puerto Rican Context: Concepts, Legislation and Regulations for People with a Disability from a Psychological Practice Perspective
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Velásquez González, Héctor José; Uribe Rodríguez, Ana Fernanda; Martínez Rozo, Ana Milena; Velásquez González, Héctor José; Uribe Rodríguez, Ana Fernanda; Martínez Rozo, Ana Milena; Velásquez González, Héctor José; Uribe Rodríguez, Ana Fernanda; Martínez Rozo, Ana Milena
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
It is estimated that approximately 600 million people around the world have some kind of diagnosis that could be classified as a disability, and among the territories of the United States, Puerto Rico has one of the highest incidences of disability. Everything from education to the provision of social services is regulated by different legislation ultimately aimed at including people with a disability and helping them play an active role in society. This study seeks to understand how the concept of disability has evolved in a legal context (and in turn its social representations), as well as in the legislation that promotes and protects the rights of people with a disability. Psychologists should develop their abilities with regards to disability and its legislation in order to advocate for people with a disability, help them gain autonomy, and promote better quality of life and participation in society based on respect and tolerance towards diversity. - Reflections on the Interpretation of the Locus of Control Concept in Social Research
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: De Grande, Pablo; De Grande, Pablo; De Grande, Pablo
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
This article proposes a revision of the locus of control concept as a useful tool within the field of research into perception of control and its effects on actions. Locus of control measures have been widely used within and outside psychology to link beliefs with individual actions, and they have proved useful in areas as diverse as education, health, labor mobility and cultural consumption. However, its success at the empirical level has led in some cases —according to its creator, Julian Rotter— to conceptual inaccuracies with respect to its definition and the interpretation of results. Is locus of control the same as a measure of self-efficacy? Should internal focus of control be seen as something positive and external locus of control as something negative? Is it possible to predict individual behavior using a generalized measure of locus of control? This paper contextualizes the locus of control measure in the theoretical space where it originated (social learning theory), and highlights some relevant interpretive points for its analysis and use. - Educational Proposal for the Health of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Rodríguez Campuzano, María de Lourdes; Rentería Rodríguez, Antonia; Rosales Arellano, Antonio; Rodríguez Soriano, Norma Yolanda; Rodríguez Campuzano, María de Lourdes; Rentería Rodríguez, Antonia; Rosales Arellano, Antonio; Rodríguez Soriano, Norma Yolanda; Rodríguez Campuzano, María de Lourdes; Rentería Rodríguez, Antonia; Rosales Arellano, Antonio; Rodríguez Soriano, Norma Yolanda
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Health psychology focuses on the study of the psychological processes involved in health and illness, and incorporates a wide range of activities: health promotion, illness prevention, and attention for both the sick and for people suffering the aftereffects of illness. It also plays a role in the provision of health services according to the needs of the recipients. Given the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2, the conditions and quality of life of people with this disease has become a public health issue that must be addressed seriously. Although the treatment of diabetes is the direct responsibility of professionals and institutions working in this area, a multidisciplinary effort would help greatly in finding a solution or improving the condition, and psychology, as a generator of knowledge that could be applied, therefore has a place in this wider working team. The objective of this research study was to design an educational proposal based on the psychological model of biological health (Ribes, 1990) to promote preventative behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. - The Zone of Proximal Development Concept: A Psychological Instrument for Improving Pedagogical Practice
Institución: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Revista: Pensando Psicología
Autores: Venet, Michèle; Correa Molina, Enrique; Venet, Michèle; Correa Molina, Enrique; Venet, Michèle; Correa Molina, Enrique
Fecha de publicación en la Revista: 2014-12-15
Competency-based training requires universities to not only look at the theories that underpin different visions of education and teaching, but also at their application in a school context. Moreover, it is hoped that during their education, students will be able to integrate theory and practice; however, this poses a problem for them. To overcome the difficulty in integrating theory and practice, some authors have proposed the use of reflective practice, and we therefore hypothesized that the concept of the zone of proximal development (zpd), created by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky, could be used as a psychological instrument to promote reflection on practice for students undertaking our Bachelor’s Degree in School and Social Adaptation at Université de Sherbrooke, Canada. To test our hypothesis, we worked on the practice of 20 students from this course according to the concept of zpd. The results show that the concept is an effective psychological instrument for promoting the integration of theory and practice.