vol. 1 núm. 1 (2024)

The objective of this text is to make an approach to the analysis of the relationships between constitutional law and racial subordination in Latin America. To do this, we will begin by presenting the structural place of the demand for racial equality within the configuration of Latin American constitutionalism, and then specify the way in which this demand was neutralized based on the construction of imaginaries of racial harmony assigned to independence nationalism and the myth of racial democracy; Next, we will present the main problems that Afro-descendant sectors still have in the region today, and we will conclude by specifying the way in which some States in Latin America have incorporated multicultural guarantees into their constitutional texts, which could open an eventual mobilization scenario aimed at the permanent improvement of the living conditions of Afro-descendant communities in the region.

Disciplinary law in Colombia, as a manifestation of the ius puniendi of the State, is an autonomous discipline dedicated to supervising the official conduct of public servants, ensuring administrative efficiency and compliance with the purposes of the State. Law 200 of 1995 marked a milestone by unifying the standards of conduct of public servants, followed by the Single Disciplinary Code of 2002 and the General Disciplinary Code (CGD) of 2019. However, the Judgment of the Inter-American Court in the case of Petro vs. Colombia in 2020 found that the rules empowering the Procuraduría to sanction popularly elected officials violated the American Convention on Human Rights. In response, Law 2094 of 2021 sought to comply with the ruling, but the Constitutional Court declared it unenforceable in part. Thus, this paper addresses the research problem: Did Colombia comply with the order given by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the Petro v. Colombia case to bring its disciplinary legal system in line with the conventional standard? It is specified that the debate revolves around the existence of a problem of conventionality or of the block of constitutionality, for which it is argued that there is no tension between the Constitution and the American Convention, but rather a need for harmonious interpretation. Finally, it is concluded that this panorama presents challenges for the administration of disciplinary justice, requiring a dialogue between the public authorities to find solutions that guarantee transparency, efficiency and respect for human rights.

This paper seeks, through bibliographic analysis, study of scientific articles, research of precedents and International Conventions, to make a weighing of principles, taking into account mainly the right to freedom of expression, and demonstrate its relationship with the dissemination of Fake News, in the Brazilian elections of 2022. An analysis is made of the decisions of the Inter-American Human Rights System on cases that seek to protect this right, as well as condemn censorship, especially in Latin American countries.

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a sentence on a controversial case from the country of Mexico, we are talking about the Tzompaxtle Tecpile et al. vs. Mexico case, this as a result of the violation of rights such as integrity, personal liberty and presumption of innocence suffered by three men by the authorities of that country during his process of detention and deprivation of liberty; unfairly and unjustifiably, they were ordered to be arrested and detained in custody, subjecting them to suffering anguish, since they were even in a state of defenselessness and incommunicado conditions. The aforementioned Court finally ordered Mexico to reform its Magna Carta with the intention of eliminating the figure of detention and preventive detention. The violation of fundamental rights is unacceptable, much more so if these are broken by the member countries of the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights, because it violates in this way the norms coming from the treaty. The States that are part have the commitment and the duty to respect and offer guarantees so that the rights are considered.

Esta investigación se basa en la trascendencia que tiene la aplicación de los principios y valores por parte del operador jurídico en la declaración del derecho; para considerarlos, es esencial, para su cabal comprensión, explicar sus fundamentos teóricos, esto es, los elementos filosóficos que los sustentan y que servirían, a su vez, de guía interpretativa que deberían seguir los jueces para desatar causas que involucran la afectación de derechos fundamentales y todas aquellas otras actuaciones que tratan de des dignificar los derechos humanos; contemplando así, con otros instrumentos jurídicos, herramientas que garantizan el complimiento de nuestros derechos fundamentales. En alto Tribunal constitucional colombiano, en sede de ser el intérprete legítimo de la Carta Política, ha identificado ejes axiológicos, deontológicos e interpretativos que le permiten fundar su tarea de control constitucional, como: i-el sistema político democrático, participativo y pluralista que especifica el marco democrático participativo y la participación política; y ii-el Estado social y democrático de derecho define nuestro diseño constitucional que determina el compromiso del estado social de derecho de respetar, proteger y garantizar los derechos de la sociedad. Como resultado de esta investigación se observó la forma en que la Corte Constitucional, considera los elementos de Social, democracia, participación y dignidad humana como quicio de eficacia de los valores y principios constitucionales, consagrados en la Constitución Política.

Este trabajo pretende abordar la importancia de relativizar el principio de igualdad para las personas con TEA, a través de un análisis profundo de dicho principio y su concepto ante el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. Además de señalar las diferencias más latentes entre la igualdad material y formal y repasar casos prácticos con el fin de arrojar luz sobre las razones por las que debe relativizarse el principio en debate. Pretendiendo, con todo lo anterior, demostrar que la relativización del principio constitucional de igualdad es fundamental para garantizar a este grupo específico el acceso a derechos y beneficios que sean capaces de compensar las dificultades que enfrenta por su condición. Haciéndose uso del método de investigación deductivo, utilizando investigaciones científicas, análisis de casos del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y doctrinas.