vol. 10 núm. 19 (2014)

Root cysts are the most common odontogenic cysts found on the maxillas, with prevalence between 52% and 75%; they account for 6% to 55% of pulpoperiapical lesions. 9% are true lesions that are resolved through conventional endodontic treatment. They are most frequently found among women and adults. Some authors report no prevalence due to age or sex; others hold this lesion to be more frequent among males and that it affects the anterior maxillary region. These cysts occur in association with a necrotic tooth in the form of a granuloma as a defensive hyperplasic reaction to an inflammatory stimulus. Clinically, they are asymptomatic and most do not produce bone expansion; however, when they do produce extension, this tends to occur in the vestibular zone. They do not generate changes in the soft tissues, although they can cause deterioration and pain as well as fistula formation. The main treatment consists of conventional endodontics followed by radiographic observation of the lesion; another option is endodontics and apicectomy or curettaje of the lesion in the apical zone; extraction of the dental unit and subsequent curettaje of the zone is performed to eliminate any remaining cells. In extensive lesions, decompression helps to decrease the size of the cyst and is followed by enucleation.

Fusion is defined as the partial or complete union of two or more teeth during their development; it can occur between normal teeth or between a normal tooth and a supernumerary tooth. This anomaly can be unilateral or bilateral and can affect any teeth, although deciduous teeth are more frequently damaged. It can also affect the patient’s appearance, cause changes in the dental arch space, lead to cavities and affect periodontal structures. This article presents the case of 13-year-old who came in for consultations due to repeated inflammatory events at the level of gum 22. These episodes stem from the fusion of tooth 22 with a supernumerary. After radiographic evaluation and adequate planning, the supernumerary tooth was extracted, and the palatal groove formed by the fusion of both teeth was eliminated, which had been the main cause of the patient’s periodontal-endodontic lesion.

Introduction: the objective of this work was to understand the progress attained by the educational community in appropriation and commitment to the process of oral health promotion and education, and in identifying school environmental conditions that favor or impede implementation of the actions proposed in the framework of the “Healthy Schools” strategy of the Secretariat of Health of Medellín. Methods: qualitative study with a hermeneutic approach and method. To gather the information, five focus groups were formed with educators from the first and third grades of basic primary education; five in-depth interviews were held with teaching administrators and two interviews with third-grade children in basic primary education. The analysis was based on inductive logic and the work was performed on three levels: identification of regularities, categorization of information and construction of meaning. Results: the information is organized into three categories of analysis and their respective trends, particularly: responsibility in health, a commitment by all educational actors; timid inclusion of oral health as a curricular initiative, and programmatic interference by the school dynamic, which negatively affects the success of cooperative work. Conclusion: through the implementation of health strategies in the schools, progress has been achieved, particularly from the standpoint of combining health and education as broadly transcendent social sectors in order to facilitate the appropriation of health actions. Nonetheless, oral health initiatives have not been consolidated in day-to-day school life.

Introduction: dental cavities are considered a public health problem by the World Health Organization (WHO), because they are the most prevalent oral pathologies. In Mexico, 90% of the population is affected and those between the ages of 0 and 15 are most at risk of contracting them. Methods: the analysis presents the results from review and analysis of different conceptual public health models in relation to cavities. The perspective is the scientific point of view of its etiology and how research work is carried out in this field according to the epidemiological model in order to explain it. Results: there are no publications that study this disease according to a different model. Here we find the health, preventive-hygienist and socio-medical models. Cultural factors and quality of life according to socioeconomic level affect development of a disease, along with a low level of awareness of preventive conduct by patients, professionals and healthcare institutions. Despite progress and its status as a technically avoidable disease, cavities advance rapidly among the population, which complicates their eradication, although their levels could be decreased. Conclusions: we must return to the Latin American social determination approach, which views health as a process that transcends mere causality; it does not only depend on health services, or on human biological characteristics, but is instead determined by lifestyles, modalities and conditions imposed by society.

Introduction: Eruption is a dental development process responsible for movement by the dental germ to its final position, when it occludes with its opposite. Interaction is defined as dental eruption failure caused by a physical obstacle in the path of access or eruption towards a normal tooth position. The teeth with the greatest tendency towards impaction, in order of frequency, are the third molars, followed by the canines, pre-molars and secondary molars. The purpose of this research is to determine the frequency of impaction of the second inferior molar in patients at the clinics of the Dental Faculty of the  Universidad de Antioquia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at the Dental Faculty of the Universidad de Antioquia. 500 medical histories of patients between the ages of 6 and 16 who had used the clinics of that faculty over a six-year period were analyzed. Results: 442 Medical histories fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average age of the sample was 10.8; 57.2% were females. 48 patients were found to have impacted second molars (10.8%), 30 of whom were females (62.5%). In most cases, the impaction was bilateral, (80%) and mesial inclination was 76.6%. Among men, bilateral impaction predominated, accounting for 83.3%, along with mesial inclination, at 88.8%. Conclusions: In comparison with other studies, a high frequency of impaction was found, thus underlining the importance of early diagnosis.

Introduction: to determine the prevalence of joint noise among 20-year-old university students in Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Methods: The sample consisted of 173 individuals (77 men and 96 women), who were evaluated according to Temporomandibular Disorder Research Diagnostic Criteria (rdc/tmd Spanish version) Axis. Results: 36 individuals (20.8%) had joint noise; 32 (18.8%) were clicking and 4 (2%) had crepitation. The women/men ratio was 1.7:1 (p > 0.05). Individuals studying a health science career had a higher joint noise rate. In relation to joint noise characteristics, 24 temporomandibular joints (tmj) had clicking/crepitation at the reproducible aperture and 14 had clicking/crepitation at the reciprocal aperture. Additionally, 19 tmj had clicking/crepitation at the reproducible closure and 14 had clicking/ crepitation at the reciprocal closure. 18 (50%) students with joint noise had limited aperture; 68 (39.3%) students had muscular or joint pain when palpated; 17 individuals (47.2%) with joint noise had muscular or joint pain when palpated. Conclusion: The results show the clinical characteristics of joint noise among university students. The prevalence is similar to what is reported among other populations; there is an insignificant difference according to gender, and almost half of those with joint noise had muscular or joint pain when palpated. The presence of clicking is a good indicator of disk displacement with reduction.

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental cavities, periodontal disease and dental fluorosis, and to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices among schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 13, enrolled at the Colegio Silveria Espinosa de Rendón Sede b, in Bogotá, Colombia in 2013. Methods: a crosscutting descriptive study; proportional stratified randomized sample of 205 children, of whom 190 were finally evaluated after their parents or guardians signed informed consent forms. The following factors were evaluated: Green and Vermillon Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (sohi), Klein cop-d Index, Gruebbel ceo-d Index, Deany Index and Russell Index. Thoughts, attitudes and practices were evaluated using a survey. The inter-operator error was 0.8. The information was analyzed using Version 13.8 statistical software. Results: Oral hygiene among the schoolchildren is fair to middling. The cop-d Index was 1.79, classified as a low-level for dental cavities. The ceo-d Index was 2.57. According to the Russell Periodontal Index, these children would be classified as having reversible periodontal disease. The community dental fluorosis Index was 1.04. The schoolchildren have adequate levels of knowledge, but in terms of practices, they frequently do not make periodic visits to the dentist. Conclusions: A large proportion of the schoolchildren are affected by fluorosis and periodontal disease. Activities must be carried out to modify their oral hygiene habits and inculcate appropriate brushing techniques.

Introduction: The aim is to show the mediating effects of new ict and traditional educational methods (tem) in the field of oral health, using indicators for oral hygiene, knowledge, attitudes and school practices Basic Primary Students at the Francisco Miranda Educational Institution in Medellín. Methods: an evaluative study using quantitative and descriptive elements with data from three moments in time: first moment, March 2011 (base moment or baseline); second moment, May 2011 (after tem implementation); third moment November 2011 (after implementing nict). Clinical examinations were performed for oral hygiene indicators (iho from the Spanish acronym) and surveys were applied among the schoolchildren about oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices. Results: There has been an improvement in the knowledge and practices of primary school students participating in the study, which was evident during the second moment, which followed implementation of the tem. There was a positive change in oral health, with those classified as good going from 10% to 46%, as well as among those classified as middling or deficient, increasing from 44% to 66% and from 10% to 24%, respectively. The use of nict can have positive results in learning and knowledge of oral health habits, as long as it is constant and motivating. Conclusions: The indicators observed led to a positive assessment of the results of the study; the study invites us to strengthen Health Education strategies using nict for significant cognitive learning and those using tem for learning and developing significant practical abilities in institutional educational projects (pei from the Spanish acronym).

The elderly are exposed to multiple risk factors involving not only general health but also oral health, which can also notably affect their quality of life, well-being and integrity. The literature shows how this population is more susceptible to systemic conditions associated with oral cavity manifestations, as well as periodontal disease and cavities, to the point of causing tooth loss, a risk that increases with age. This bibliographical review takes into account information beginning in 2001. It includes studies made on the elderly, in which a relationship is established between quality-of-life and oral health.

Abstract. In clinical practice, there are numerous cases in which it is difficult to establish an accurate diagnosis and determine the correct therapeutic conduct to be followed, despite diagnostic aids, radiographic images and clinical examinations. The main purpose of exploratory surgery is to arrive at a live definitive diagnosis, with the possibility of detecting changes in the tissues and determining the degree of undetectable involvement; it has the added value of immediately providing available therapeutic options for resolving the problem, which makes it the only “method” with the potential to become an effective procedure.

Currently, a growing number of patients choose orthodontia treatment as an alternative for correcting malocclusions and also to correct functional and aesthetic problems. The purpose of this article is to describe the most relevant data reported in the literature about the relationship between orthodontia and pulp pathology, in that orthodontic movements can lead to an inflammatory pulp response. It is thus of great importance to make a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of pre-existing changes in the pulp that can be exacerbated through dental movement.

Introduction: the purpose of this research was to determine oral morbidity in the subsidized population of Manizales served through the teaching-service model at a university clinic. Materials and methods: the descriptive study looked at a study population of 122 patients of all ages affiliated with the subsidized system. Sociodemographic, systemic precedents and oral alterations were analyzed, such as changes in the dental, gingival and periodontal surfaces, occlusion, pulp, periapical bones, joints, dental structure, dental fracture, rest of the root, alveolitis, cellulitis and dental fluorosis. Results: women made up the majority of those using the service, 62.2% (76 patients); the population showing greatest adherence was between the ages of 15 and 44, accounting for 64.7% (79 patients); the five leading causes of oral morbidity were dentine cavities, diseases originating in the pulp, periodontal disease, tmj disorder and retained dental root. Only three patients were older than 60 and their most common diagnoses were periodontal alterations. The highest cop frequency was 17.7 and involved the 60 or over age group. Conclusions: cavities and periodontal disease continue to be the most prevalent diagnoses in dental practice.