vol. 5 núm. 2 (2025)

In this article, I analyze the evolution of Martín Fierro, the most emblematic work both nationally and internationally, representing the gaucho as a subaltern subject. I examine the socio-political context in which the gaucho is situated, with particular focus on the civilization/barbarism binary, which is central to the construction of the Argentine nation. Additionally, there will be a trace of the transformation of Martín Fierro, from its beginnings as a piece of "minor literature" to its role as a representative of criollo culture, its shift into a "national epic," and finally, its establishment as a symbol of Argentine identity— a discourse that, in its early stages, the work itself seemed to criticize.

The VII International Congress on Gender and Law, held in Granada on November 20 and 21, 2024, reviewed the genealogy and future implications of Organic Law 1/2004 for Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence. This document addresses the origin, development, and obstacles of this legislation, while offering normative comparisons between Europe and Latin America. The Spanish legislation, pioneering in categorizing gender violence as a systemic and social issue, emphasizes the protection of women from assaults by their spouses or former partners through a comprehensive approach. It underscores the case of Ana Orantes and the role of the media as a catalyst for social awareness and legislative reform. The legislation integrates punitive, educational, and social measures, acknowledging manifestations of violence including vicarious and symbolic violence. Nonetheless, it has obstacles in its efficient execution, including inter-institutional coordination and the specialized training for those participating in the comprehensive legal and law enforcement processes. The article then examines the significance of the budget to ensure its implementation and the media's involvement, which must address the issue with attention to prevent phenomena such as contagion or quiet. Ultimately, it considers the global progression of legislation addressing gender violence, highlighting notable improvements and places needing enhancement, particularly in regions such Latin America, where corruption, impunity, and cultural constrains continue to hinder the resolution of this issue.

This study examines access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Colombia from 2019 to 2022, highlighting the socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural disparities that contribute to the digital divide. ICTs are vital for development, yet their adoption is hindered, particularly in rural and low-income areas. Using data from the Colombian National Statistics Department (DANE), the research analyzes ICT penetration across different regions. The findings reveal significant disparities: over 50% of households in the Andean and Pacific regions have fixed internet, while the Amazon and Orinoquía regions have less than 20%. Rural areas face additional challenges, including poor infrastructure and high costs. Despite a 15% increase in mobile internet access, gaps persist. The study emphasizes the impact of income, urbanization, education, and public policy on digital access, and it notes that the pandemic accelerated digitalization. Recommendations include investing in broadband infrastructure, providing subsidies, and enhancing digital literacy programs. Collaborative efforts among governments, businesses, and communities are essential to bridging the digital divide and fostering sustainable development in Colombia.

The main purpose of the article is to propose a new employer branding model under the focus of employee happiness. On the other hand, given that the results of the model must be measured, the main employer branding evaluation methodologies used in Colombia are analyzed and which were taken as a basis for the development of the proposed model, these are, Building Happiness and Great Place to Work (GPTW), on which a comparison is made based on the ratings received by the companies located in the first places in each one on specialized public platforms such as Glassdoor, Indeed and Computrabajo.The results indicate that the methodologies used by organizations to measure their employer branding efforts are focused on the current employee, but they leave out two additional segments that are explained in this document and that are included in the model, which means that it is also considered necessary to include other evaluation instruments other than those that organizations promote and apply directly.

The identification of needs and difficulties in monitoring competencies has highlighted the importance of formalizing their validation process. It is crucial to improve the monitoring of levels developed by different modules, which are more easily evidenced through the Integrative Pedagogical Project (IPP).Recognizing the shortcomings in the process of monitoring competency levels achieved by students, an improvement to the current methodological process has been proposed. This proposal seeks to facilitate the understanding and evaluation of competency achievement levels for teachers, coordinators, mentors, and students, among others.The research presents a projection of great impact, as it benefits both teachers and students. With this proposal, these actors can carry out a more precise monitoring of the competencies being achieved in the development of different modules throughout the academic semester, through the IPP.Integrative Pedagogical Projects have been consolidated as an effective didactic tool to link theory with practice. Based on project-based learning, these constitute the primary objective of this methodological proposal, which seeks to establish both personal and professional training competencies in a controlled work environment. This approach generates two-way benefits, favoring both future professionals and the productive sector.  

This paper introduces Great Solar Tech, a functional prototype of a solar energy generator designed to maximize energy efficiency by leveraging our strategic geographic location. The developed technology, which uses Arduino and low-cost electronic components, has applications both on Earth and in space exploration missions to Mars and the Moon. This study aligns with UNESCO's Sustainable Development Goals, addressing key areas such as access to clean and affordable energy, climate action, and the promotion of sustainable infrastructure. Through the implementation of an automated solar tracking system, the prototype demonstrates a significant improvement in energy capture compared to traditional static solar systems. The results highlight the feasibility and positive impact of using accessible solar technology as an effective, sustainable, and scalable solution for electricity generation in both terrestrial and space contexts.

The Guamal micro-basin in its historical evolution has registered countless mass movements, as well as floods and torrential floods, which have left people dead, families affected, public services affected, as well as crops and forests, which has generated a social and environmental risk for both the inhabitants of the corregimiento of Juntas and the inhabitants of the municipality of Ibagué. The research precisely aimed to identify the social and environmental risk factors generated by mass movements. Therefore, a mixed methods case study was carried out in which interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA) using the Leopold matrix were used, mainly reflecting the socio-economic and environmental implications. caused by this phenomenon; Thus, the risks that occur in the El Guamal micro-watershed are due to both natural and anthropic factors, especially emphasizing the absence of environmental education since efficient communication channels are not used with the organizations in charge of risk management, and at their Perhaps the lack of awareness of people due to the need to recognize their history so that tragic events are not repeated. The inhabitants of the township of Juntas. This research work precisely had the objective of identifying the social and environmental risk factors generated by mass movements. It was carried out through a mixed methods case study in which interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) and environmental impact assessment (EIA) were used using the Leopold matrix. It was possible to conclude that the risks are presented by both natural and anthropic factors, especially emphasizing the lack of environmental education.

In Colombia, the results obtained by undergraduate students in the ICFES exams (Saber, Saber TyT, and Saber Pro) have shown that English is one of the subjects where students perform the lowest. This situation is even more pronounced in rural areas or in municipalities far from major cities. This project aims to analyze and demonstrate that one of the main causes of this poor performance in English is the lack of representation and identity in the teaching-learning process related to the territory. For example, most of the methods and textbooks used for teaching foreign languages lack a connection to the students' daily lives and the territorial context to which they belong. This leads to these resources being insignificant to them, causing them to view learning a new language as something impractical, distant, and uninteresting.To address this issue, specific booklets were designed for the territories reached by the Institution through its Subregional Nodes in the Northeast and Southwest. These booklets were a means to implement a differentiated didactic strategy with the aim of facilitating the learning process and enhancing students' performance, not only in the ICFES exams but also in their personal and professional lives.

This article arises from the research titled: "Didactic Strategy with the Abstraction Component of Computational Thinking in Primary Education Teachers." It is part of the findings that highlight the importance of unplugged activities to strengthen computational thinking focused on the abstraction component. The objective was to determine the level of competencies in the abstraction component of computational thinking that teachers attain, through a didactic strategy with unplugged activities such as Bebras cards. The research was mixed-methods with a descriptive scope. The sample consisted of ten teachers. Among the results, it was found that the use of unplugged activities without the need for electronic devices contributes to the understanding of concepts and develops pedagogical skills such as creativity, communication, and collaboration. Greater confidence in teaching and enrichment in the teaching-learning process were observed. It was concluded that unplugged activities provide a space for experiencing computational concepts in a tangible manner, fostering creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking.

Editor

There are various mathematics teaching systems for children, particularly focused on writing and recognizing numbers. This article proposes the construction of a low-cost prototype called IUDigital Kids, which uses conventional webcams and requires "zero" configurations. This prototype is designed for the playful and gamified teaching of identifying and writing the numbers from zero (0) to nine (9). Initially, research is conducted on the products available in the market and existing projects with similar objectives. Different teaching techniques for writing numbers and letters aimed at preschool children are also reviewed. Subsequently, the libraries and technologies necessary for the construction of the prototype are investigated. A user-friendly graphical interface is designed for children to interact with the system and feel motivated to use it. Finally, usage experiments with children are conducted with the prototype.