vol. 13 núm. 24 (2017)

Ojectives: a pre-experimental study was performed to identify variations in the condylar centric position and in the condylar dynamic during mouth opening, using an anterior occlusal device (Lucia´s modified Jig), according time of use. Method: 15 healthy subjects were asked to wear a Lucia´s modified Jig (Jig). At the beginning of the proceed (T0), at 18 hours (T1), at 72 hours (T2) and at 7 days (T3), the centric-condilar pattern, vertical and horizontal condylar displacement during opening, and the pattern and degree of mandibular opening were recorded. For data collection an ultrasound axiograph (ARCUS digma™) was used. To test the null hypothesis Mc-Nemar and Friedman analysis was performed. Results: Subjects modified the type of the centric pattern of both joints, which changed from an arch to a punctiform shape. The maximum change was registered at T1. Conclusion: Considering condilar rotation and horizontal tranlation, in healthy subjects without temporomandibular disorders, the use of a modified Lucia Jig for 18 hours, allows the generation of a punctiform shape pattern of centric condylar dynamics, which means an arc type movement generated within an area of 1mm2.

Introduction: Cobalt – Chromium alloys have been used for the fabrication of cast frameworks which withstand the dental prostheses, failures that happen during the process of casting, polishing and finishing the framework generate surface quality defects which affect the mechanical properties of dentures. Objective: To characterize the surface quality defects in cast frameworks for Cobalt – Chrome dental prostheses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted, where 19 cast frameworks made out of Cobalt – Chrome alloy were conveniently selected. The following variables were taken into account during the casting process: presentation of the alloy, type of centrifugal casting, way of polishing, shining and sanding the framework. Results: The main characteristics observed, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, in the cast frameworks for Cobalt – Chrome dental prostheses were: irregularities, superficial heterogeneity, presence of carbon and cracks. There was also found a statistically significant association between the presentation of the alloy and the polishing with shinning and without shinning, with a value of p (0,04). Conclusions: Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allows us to detect surface quality defects which generate mechanical failures and damages within medium and long term use, affecting the quality of dental prostheses.

Introduction: the objective of this research was to determine the frequency and variability of Carabelli Cusp in the first permanent molars nine contemporary ethnic groups in southwestern Colombia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study that used the information available on the cusp of Carabelli in two studies seven databases, to design a distance matrix with the respective dendrogram and establish the biological distances between different ethnic groups. Results: It was observed that the dental morphological trait is considered absent in ethnic groups considered, except for the Afro-Colombian town of Tumaco. It was possible to show that the Nasa indigenous expressions have high minimum cusp fosomorfas and expressions, while the Caucasoid mestizos and Afro-Colombians have relatively high frequencies of cusp expressions. The distance matrix allowed noting there is a tendency of populations in southwestern Colombia to partner with the level of mixing and the origin and influence Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid. Conclusions: The association of ethnic groups does not correspond to three dental complex world; however, to include in this analysis different world populations was observed than Caucasian mestizos Cali African descendants in Puerto Tejada and Nasa indigenous associated with Mongoloid populations, while people of African descent in Villarica, Guapi and Tumaco were associated with Caucasoid populations. The cusp of Carabelli not alone constituted discriminator contemporary ethnic groups in southwestern Colombia.

Introduction: This study aims to analyse the oral health status and its related factors in edentulous patients using conventional total dentures that assisted to the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Antioquia. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 111 adults treated in the period 2009-2016. A survey and clinical examination was performed compiling information about socio-demographic information, medical history, oral hygiene, TMJ and dentures status, use, and satisfaction and evaluation of the quality of life related to oral health (OHRQOL). Analysis of the variables by absolute and relative frequencies by sex was carried out. Results: Most of the study population (98.2%) live in low and middle-income neighbourhoods. 82.9% of patients presented basic studies. More than half of the population (69.4%) reported having a good self-perceived health, however it was found that 53.2% reported suffering hypertension, diabetes 23.4%. ¾ of assessed patients reported cleaned both upper and lower oral mucosa (higher in women, 83.8%). The most frequent characteristics found in both dental prostheses in descending order were pigmentations, dental calculus and porosities. The population surveyed expressed greater satisfaction with the upper denture compared to the lower one. It was found that more than three quarters of the population studied have a low OHRQOL. Conclusions: Strategies that contribute to improving the quality of oral health care are required by means of follow-up activities to the treatments carried out in in this group. 

Introduction: Removal of canines is indicated in cases where there is impact on these teeth and the possibilities of orthodontic traction are limited or zero. Diagnosis: It is the case of a 36-year-old patient who comes for consultation because he is not satisfied with the aesthetics of his smile. Treatment: As an alternative treatment in this case, mandibular canines were extracted instead of the first premolars. Discussion: It was possible to improve occlusal relations, overjet, and overbite without damaging the patient’s facial appearance. Whenever strategically convenient, the functional and aesthetic results obtained suggest the possibility of having this alternative as an option in the treatment of our patients. Conclusion: This scheme of extractions then allows to fulfill both functional and aesthetic objectives; however, this should be reserved for cases in which its application is advantageous, until more research is done to guarantee its long-term effects.

Introduction: The consequences of antineoplastic treatments bring about oral implications and worsening of other lesions established prior to the oncological diagnosis, regardless of the organ affected by the tumor. Complications such as oral mucositis, oral candidiasis, trismus, xerostomia, caries, among other lesions, occur frequently and may be transient in the course of the application of cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy; others prevail after completion of these therapies. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was performed to show unification of criteria involving description of the clinical patterns of each oral complication due to oncological treatment, in relation to cancers in different locations. A bibliographic search was conducted in English and Spanish using the following descriptors: “lesiones, boca, cáncer, quimioterapia, radioterapia, complicaciones orales, antes y después, lesions, mouth cancer, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oral complications, before and after,” on the global databases Pubmed and Scielo. In the latter, 100 articles published in a period of 15 years were selected. Results: The majority of authors reviewed agree that a wide range of malignant tumors tend to show secondary involvement in places such as the oral cavity, mostly because of the established oncological treatment, regardless of tumor type and location. Conclusions: The oral cavity remains susceptible to the presence of these effects, which are identified as systemic cytotoxic events in fast-changing tissues, such as the buccal mucosa.

Objective: Evaluate the scientific evidence about the associated relation between the individuals exposure to organophosphates insecticides with the prevalence of non syndromic cleft lip and palate. Material and Methods: The search of scientific articles was held in the data base of PubMed, Science Direct, Academic Google, Medline, Cochrane and Scielo, published between year 2.000 and 2015, and a series of interviews were held to professionals with a Doctor or Master degree In Toxicology, Public Health, Genetics and Biochemistry that were knowledge about this subject. 25 articles of insecticides were reviewed   and 5 semi structural interviews. Results: A statistical number of studies stablish an association between the exposure to pesticides with teratogenic effects related with the cleft lip and palate; in vivo experimental studies in animals correlate the exposure the organophosphates insecticide Clorpilifos, with the higher prevalence of cleft palate. Conclusion: some studies found associated relation between the exposure to organophosphates insecticides with increased the incidence of birth abnormalities.

Spilanthes Americana flower has been commonly used in the treatment of   recurrent herpes labialis through the fraction of the flower extract on yellowish oil, which has often been diluted in vaseline or alcohol. The objective was  identify and compare the chemical composition of the flowerhead and the extract of Spilanthes americana flower diluted in vaseline and alcohol. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out to make the chemical identification of the flower head of Spilanthes americana and the extract diluted in vaseline and alcohol, which was subjected to the process of Infrared Spectroscopy by Fourier Transform. Results: Characteristic functional groups of spilanthol were identified in the flowerhead of Spilanthes americana and the extract diluted in vaseline and alcohol, which correspond to the chemical formula N-isobutyl-2,6,8-decatrienamide such as linear aliphatic hydrocarbon, gem-dimethyl group, carbonyl group and disubstituted unsaturated alkenes. The analysis permitted the identification of different functional groups in different samples. In the pure sample of Spilanthes Americana, the presence of a secondary amine, a nitro group, an ester, a nitrite and nitrate and sulfur in the form of aromatic sulfonamide was determined.  In the spectra of the sample of the pure solid and the extract diluted in vaseline, disubstituted unsaturated alkenes with isomery trans were observed, while in the extract diluted in alcohol a configuration cis was found. Conclusion: The spectroscopic analysis evidenced the presence of characteristic functional groups of compound spilanthol, which modified the trans isomery of the pure sample and the one diluted in vaseline cis in the extract prepared in alcohol. Finally, common compounds to the three sulfur samples and an organic ester functional group were found. 

Introduction: The knowledgment of the mandibular region anatomy is fundamental for the performance of surgical interventions due to the neighborly relations between dental and osseous structures. The objectives of this work were to determine the path of the mandibular canal as a true conduit to the mental foramen in dry jaws, to establish the relation frequency between the inferior third molar with the conduit and to record the complications that occured during the eruption of the inferior third molar, before and after the surgical treatment, by sex and age. Methodology: 50 dry mandibular bones were used, silicon with barium sulfate added, orthodontic wire, drypoint dividers, milimetered ruler and radiographic films. Sagittal and frontal cuttings were performed to obtain base distances, alveolar ridge and tooth-conduit. Clinically, 100 patients of both sexes, 15 to 30 years were treated, and they were divided in two groups: patients with pre-treatment complications; patients with post-treatment complications.  For the quantification and validation of data the percentual method and the Chi-square (x+) test were used, with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Results: It was determined that the lower mandibular canal is true in 80% of cases. In frontal cuttings, the conduit was located closert to the alveolar ridge. In sagittal cuttings, the distance between tooth and conduit were tiny. The data show higher frequency of complications in female patients, aged between 17 and 25 and with mesioangular and retained position of the tooth. The most obvious complications were: trismus pericoronaritis, nerve type pain and otitis. Conclution: Knowledge of the mandibular anatomy and of the neighborhood relations allow to work safely and efficiently, avoiding the risks that involves nerve complications associated with inferior alveolar nerve damage.   

Introduction: Teacher-student interaction is one of the most important aspects for adequate development of the learning process. Objectives: To interpret and describe the interaction between students and teachers in the School of Dentistry at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia by approaching their experiences in different learning environments. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out with an approach and method that take up elements of ethnography. Ten in-depth interviews with students and teachers as well as participant observation were conducted, and field journals were completed. For the analysis, pre-established and emerging categories were considered, from which several trends emerged. Results: Students express continuity of a role of power by some of the teachers in the clinical area, which is reflected in the imposition of authority and little recognition of the student. Teachers, through their experiences, question the way in which students from the new generations understand the discipline.

Introduction: To establish the relationship between orthodontic treatment time with educational/administrative/clinical factors, in patients treated and finished, at the orthodontics program clinic of an University. Methods: Data were obtained from clinical records, panoramic radiographs and final dental cast from 40 treated patients (21 women and 19 men), 15.97 ± 5.79 years old. The administrative variables included:  number of accomplished appointments, number of appointments per year of treatment, total number of missed appointments, total months of treatment, number of effective months of treatment, number of residents and instructors attending the patients and percentage of treatment planning for next appointment. Clinical variables included: malocclusion complexity, quality of finalization, teeth extractions, age and number of orthodontic appliance issues/breakages. Results: The average ± SD treatment duration was 55.5 ± 22.2 months. In patients with dental extractions, treatment time was significantly higher (p=0.0231). A model of multiple linear regression explained 59% of the variability, identifying four significant variables, two related to administration (number of missed appointments and number of instructors) and two clinical variables (number of orthodontic appliance issues/breakages and quality of finalization). Conclusion: Significant clinical and administrative issues were detected and it was observed that excessive time for treatment may deteriorate the static clinical results achieved.