vol. 11 núm. 2 (2019)

The poultry sector has been one of the most dynamic subsectors of the agricultural sector in Colombia during the last decades, however, the aviculture specialized in egg production seeks to find an economical sexing system and easy application, to predict the sex of the bird before hatching Given these circumstances, the present study was carried out as an experiment under controlled conditions to determine the sex of 1000 fertile eggs of commercial brown posture birds of the Lohmann Brown line, with the use of morphometric measurements. Before the incubation, the length, width and weight of the egg were measured. The volume and shape index were calculated using the aforementioned measures. It was found that the morphometric variables width, length and egg shape index showed significant statistical differences under the test LSD Fisher, in the comparison of means of the two sexes (p <0.01), while the volume and weight did not present significant statistical differences between the sexes (p> 0.05). The analysis multiple logistic regression by forward steps showed that the shape index variable was the most informative to capture the probability of the sex of the chick to be incubated. According to the results of the present study, the morphological measurements of the egg can be an indicator of the sex of the chick, making it possible to incubate more female chickens using the predictions of these measurements. In order to reduce the number of male chickens that are killed in hatcheries and increasing the capacity of incubation of female chicks.

It is of vital importance the proper management of the physiology of estrogens and androgens in the canine reproductive system, both male and female; As veterinary doctors, it is our duty to give adequate management to any process of this nature that can be presented in the clinical or diagnostic area. For example, the hormonal poles relationship and their capacity to support the development and functioning of the reproductive system, physiological implications, anatomical explanations and others, developed in this review section.

Was implemented a multi-layer Silvopastoral system (mlSPS) in an area of Tropical humid forest in the municipality of Tumaco, Department of Nariño, to measure its impact on the diversity of flora in livestock systems, the edaphic mesofauna, and the production and quality of the food supply compared to conventional system (CS), based grass monoculture. In addition, a characterization of the natural regeneration process was performed in the silvopastoral system, through horizontal structure analysis, abundance of species, absolute dominance and frequency. The composition and floristic diversity it was determined by the indices of Shanon-Wiener and of Simpson. Soil analysis showed relatively heavy clay-sandy soils, with an apparent density of 1.04 and 1.12 g cm-3 in the Silvopastoral System and conventional respectively. The levels of N (0.07%), K (0.43 cmol kg-1) and organic matter (2.04%) were higher in the mlSPS. There were more OM decomposer individuals, such as worms in the Silvopastoral System in both seasons. It was evidenced that the silvopastoral systems increase the production of edible biomass (17.82 of the mlSPS compared to 11.97 Tn DM ha-1 year-1 in the CS). A total of 38 herbaceous, shrub and arboreal species were found, belonging to 25 families and 35 genera; the most representative families were: Fabaceae, Urticaceae and Solanaceae. It is concluded that multi-stratum silvopastoral systems represent a good alternative for tropical humid forest livestock.

In Colombia, Tithonia diversifolia is one of the most important forage resources in animal feed, especially in specialized dairies and dual-purpose livestock, thanks to its adaptation to a variety of climates, its productivity and nutritional value. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the agronomic and productive behavior of Tithonia diversifolia under two fertilization schemes. The study was carried out at the CISVEB Plant Health and Bio-input Research Center belonging to the University of Pamplona. For this, 50 plants were established for each treatment: chemical fertilization, organic fertilization and control under a randomized design after soil analysis and application of corrective measures. For the evaluation of the agronomic and productive variables of plant height, number of stems, number of leaves, weight of stem, weight of leaf, relation leaf - stem, leaf area and dry matter production, descriptive statistical tests were applied, analysis of variance and analysis of separation of means using the Tukey test with a significance of 5%. Statistically significant difference p <0.05 was presented for the variables of height, number of leaves and number of stems, with chemical fertilization being the best treatment, while leaf area was higher in organic fertilization. Similar behavior was obtained for the other variables. It is concluded that chemical fertilization influences some agronomic parameters of T. diversifolia.

Dressage is a fundamental pillar in the production process of horse breeders and guilds. Research on the subject shows its relationship with the physical and psychological state of the horse. In this context, there are different tendencies of taming that show innumerable alternatives from the confessional or traditional to the ethologies and without violence, all tending from their scope to achieve domesticated animals, attentive and ready to work. From this approach, the present article describes important aspects in order to encourage the reader to adopt a critical stance that will serve to broaden, in the future, the alternatives for the process of taming the horse.

The present investigation was carried out in the municipality of Tumaco, department of Nariño, in the Mejicano river Community Council located at 1°40´50 ”North Latitude and 78°31´11” West Longitude of Greenwich. The objective of the work was to characterize traditional agroforestry systems and propose agroforestry options based on local reality afterwards. For that reason, a survey was applied to the producers that allowed the identification of traditional production systems; The most widespread agroforestry arrangement on the Mejicano river is the Silvoagrícola, that consist of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and Banana (Musa sapientum), fruit trees and timber; The most important forest species in the system is the Cedar (Cedrela odorata) and the fruit trees. The most frequently found are citrus fruits (Orange and Lemon), which give the system special aroma and flavor characteristics. According to the results of the investigation, it is proposed to implement agroforestry silvoagricultural systems based on the species of Cocoa, Banana and Timber. That can be reached by technical improvement of current traditional systems.

The present research applied the sustainability criteria and indicators of the methodology "Framework for the Evaluation of Natural Resources Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS)" in the analysis of two commercial goat production systems in the municipality of Ocaña. Evaluating compliance with the economic, environmental and social dimensions The indicators were unified and weighted in a participatory manner with the producers. The assessment of the indicators allowed us to observe the current state of sustainability, showing a good level of compliance in all three dimensions. Likewise, points to be improved are revealed in the economic dimension, where the lack of accounting and financial records does not allow the real determination of production costs. On the other hand, the lack of health records for commercialization, prevent the incursion into new markets, limiting the genetic and transformation potential of products.