núm. 55 (2017)

Colombia is a Country of Regions where Territory Ordering is necessary for the application of planning processes and management of the development of the territory, however, some of them, have been limited by the presence of problems that have to do with informality Of land, false tradition, conflicts in protected areas, forest reserve areas, indigenous reserves and black communities, as well as the lack of cartographic inputs, cadastral out of date and the fiscal cadastre, also by other factors such as uncertainty and fears Of post-conflict, minifundio, disasters and risk, among others of the social and environmental order; Variables very marked in the departments of Nariño and Putumayo. It is in this scenario where the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute has been leading, managing and accompanying a series of activities and projects that contribute to the construction of a new Region. This article presents the lessons learned and looks to the International and National cooperation for the financial, technical and human talent support to maintain the Role of the Nariño Territory Territory, to contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the Development Plans at their territorial levels and to support The search and / or construction of Peace.

The ICDE as national geographic resources management facilitator, has worked in the lasts years in the positioning of the ICDE portal how the central tool of access to Geographic Information for all community. Through the Portal the ICDE offers a set of services, the set include the Portal Geographic Nacional and the Nacional Metadata Catalog, this presentation show the functionalities of both services  that recently have a new version thinked to improve the user experience increased the factors of web usability.

Geography, often undervalued in its social value, has today an opportunity to affirm itself by the multiplicity of areas that uses its principles and applications, much by means of geographic information technologies. Indeed, for the geographic data, the past 30 years have been profoundly rich in terms of challenges and solutions, driven by a high rate of transformation of society and technology platforms. In this context, the emergence of spatial data infrastructures (SDI), the democratization of access to geographic data and, more recently, the simplification and generalization of use of mobile platforms to access and produce geographic data deserve particular attention. This talk will develop and outline how three key concepts are articulated to provide a basis for responding to societal challenges: spatial data infrastructures, voluntary geographic information and data quality. It is important to have a sense of how network society paradigms can be combined to support effective territorial promotion and management, the basis for sustainable development.

This study aims to support the decision-making in the prioritization, targeting and attention of the territories and population affected by anti-personnel mines; lead by the Directorate of Integral Action against Antipersonnel Mines, from a  integral risk management approach. Risk, understood as the confluence of people at sites contaminated by antipersonnel mines (MAP) or unexploded ordnance (MUSE), is a result of the battle  between threat and vulnerability. In order to calculate the magnitude of the vulnerability, a few variables were taken into account. These, associated with population location and concentration (density of residence constructions, educational establishments, roads and the stratification based on the vegetation cover).  The threat to the population is determined by the presence of Antipersonnel Mines or unexploded ordnances. Also, because most fields are being used to cultivate coca or are part of the eradication process. Furthermore, in many fields, there’s evidence of alluvial gold exploitation. In order to perform the calculations and the spatial analysis, an area of 1-km2 was used. As a result, a layer with the national coverage in 1km2 grids, is obtained from the vulnerability, threat and risk from the presence of Antipersonnel Mines. In Colombia, there is a total of 106,734 km2 in some risk level by contamination of Antipersonnel Mines and unexploded ones.  The departments with greater amount of area with some risk are Caquetá, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Guaviare and Antioquia. The highest concentration of very high and eminent risk is found in Antioquia, Cauca and Putumayo.

The General Assembly of the United Nations, in February 2015, issued the resolution 69/266, which promotes the Global Geodetic Reference Framework for Sustainable Development. The International Association of Geodesy (IAG) issued the resolution #1 on July of 2015 describing the characteristics for the definition and realization of an International Heading Reference System (IHRS), promoting the improvement and compatibility of Space Systems Navigation and the determination of the positioning, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and universal access to them. In this way Colombia, with the direction of the Geographic Institute Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) as guiding agency of geodesy in the country, the Internal Group of Work (GIT) in Geodesy, concentrates its current efforts in improving and adjusting leveling networks, gravity nets and positioning networks, aiming toimprove its vertical system. The tasks associated with the improvement consist in granting closure to the circuits that compose the different current measurement networks, apply an adjusment in block , connect the three different measurement networks, perform the calculation of geopotential numbers and associated physical heights. The determination of an updated national geoid model with greater precision is necessary for the definition of a new national vertical reference system, which allows to define local parameters that enable the connection between vertical systems of neighbour countries and their implementation to IHRS and IHRF.

The use of machinery in water during the exploitation of deposits of alluvial gold causes alteration in the riverbed and generates changes in the quantity of suspended sediments, that modify the natural reflectance of the water body. In this context, SIMCI project developed a methodology based on remote sensing through the use of band algebra (spectral index), which allows the detection and monitoring of alterations of amount of sediments disolves in the water. The index used is the MNDWI (Modification for Normalized Difference Water Index). This methodology allows the identification of alterations in the natural dynamics of the current attributable to gold mining exploitation, based on the spectral behavior of the water. The method consists in establishing the natural spectral base of the water body as Time 0, and three further measurements are made using the available images to examine changes in the spectral index. Finally, once the line of natural spectral behavior is established, the index is applied in order to construct the spectral curves that will allow the identification of the dynamics of change in suspended sediments over time, as well as the points of maximum alteration or alerts.

This article explains the methodology developed by DANE to calculate indicator 11.3.1, defined in the 2030 agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals, which measures the efficiency of land use to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable; and presents the results in the application of the urban agglomerations of Colombia. This is a list of satellite images of the Landsat program captured in the years 2003 and 2015, which are classified to obtain the constructed area of the agglomerations in each year, in order to calculate the rate of land consumption. Subsequently, based on the population projections of DANE for these same years, the population growth rate was calculated and, finally, the value of indicator 11.3.1 was obtained from the relationship between the rates for 107 cities.