vol. 13 núm. 2 (2021)

The objective of the study was to carry out a microbiological evaluation of chicken carcasses and the environments of the poultry slaughter centers in the province of Coronel Portillo, Ucayali - Perú. Samples of 30 chicken carcasses and six environments were collected from six slaughter centers (CF) (two formal centers and four informal centers), through non-probability sampling for convenience. Carcass samples were taken using the surface swab method and environmental samples by environmental plating. Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus spp, Salmonella spp and Bacillus spp were found in the carcasses, with counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria above the maximum permissible limits (MPL) of 5 Log CFU / cm2 in 2 CFI, as well as counts of Enterobacteriaceae. above 2 Log CFU / cm2 in all samples. The environments had mean counts of 3.11 ± 1.28 Log CFU / plate of aerobic mesophiles, 1.34 ± 0.49 Log CFU / plate of Enterobacteriaceae and 39.17 ± 50.06 CFU / plate of fungi. The evaluation demonstrated the presence of several bacterial genera in the chicken carcasses in the six slaughter centers, especially in the informal centers, with values in the mesophilic aerobic counts that exceed the maximum permissible limits (MPL), in addition to very high loads. of bacteria and fungi in their environments.

En cautiverio, uno de los problemas de salud que más frecuentemente afecta a los primates son los hemoparásitos y endoparásitos, los cuales provocan enfermedades infecciosas que en algunos casos adquieren mayor relevancia dada su posibilidad de transmisión a otras especies, incluido el humano. El presente es un artículo de revisión que tiene como objetivo recopilar y analizar información bibliográfica sobre estudios existentes sobre especies de hemoparásitos zoonóticos en primates neotropicales y las enfermedades causadas por ellos. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizaron búsquedas de información específica en la base de datos de la Universidad de la Amazonía, CATIE, Corpoica, Scielo, Redalyc, e-book, Ambientalex.info, Google académico y comunicaciones personales con representantes de las instituciones involucradas. . en el contexto primatológico y clínico. Como resultado, se encontró que los hemoparásitos son los causantes de enfermedades que pueden comprometer la supervivencia tanto de primates como de humanos, dada su estrecha interacción en las clínicas de recuperación de fauna silvestre. tripanosomiasis (Trypanosoma cruzi ) y Malaria ( Plasmodium spp) fueron identificados como los de mayor mortalidad en primates en cautiverio, con el agravante de corresponder a patologías zoonóticas.

The fragmentation of ecosystems has been caused by the constant demand of livestock. Since bovine livestock production has been developed under an extensive production system, where monoculture prevails. In this sense, it is important to take into account strategies to improve and recover livestock production systems, such as the establishment of silvopastoral agroforestry systems. For this, a systematic literature search was carried out; Guide tables were generated with the information collected in a technical and specific way according to the production systems. Nitrogen fixing species such as Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Bauhinia purpurea, Albizzia lebeck, Erythrina fusca, Acacia melanoxylon, Inga edulis; and Cratylia argéntea. Leucaena leucocephala provides 25.9% protein, obtaining a milk production level of up to 10.7 lt / cow / day in Holstein cows. Species such as Weinmannia pubescens, Salix humboldtiana Willd and Mimosa quitensis Kunth are considered to recover degraded areas and avoid soil erosion problems in the high tropics. Thus, livestock should be associated with silvopastoral production systems as a set of techniques to give a better use to the soil, guaranteeing the sustainability and sustainability of the natural ecosystem.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between climatic and growth variables and the production of Castillo® variety coffee in the department of Nariño. Three plots (1ha-1) were selected in three different altitudinal ranges per municipality (≤1600m, between 1601 and 1800m, >1800m). The variables recorded were precipitation (PP), temperature (TEMP), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), plant height (PH), basal stem diameter (BD), number of leaves (NL), number of primary branches (NPB), number of secondary branches (NSB), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), number of nodes per branch (NNB) and branch length (BL), which were compared with the production in g.pl-1 of dry parchment coffee (CPS/PL). A descriptive analysis of the climatic variables, analysis of variance for growth and production variables, Pearson correlation analysis between the variables evaluated and path analysis of the variables with the highest correlation coefficient were carried out. The PAR was variable with respect to the altitudes and municipalities evaluated. The analysis of variance showed statistical differences that evidenced the effect of altitude on the parameters recorded. The correlation analysis showed positive relationships between altitude and variables, and of yield with AP, DT, NRP, LR and IAF, on the other hand, the path analysis identified the variables AP, NRP and LR, as those with the greatest effects on the CPS/PL in a transversal way; while the variables IAF, NH and NRP presented the greatest direct effects.

The bitch is characterized by an estrous cycle with a long period of progestagenic activity (diestrous), a situation that predisposes her to the development of inflammatory uterine pathologies or endometrial growth and repair. Pseudo-placental endometrial hyperplasia corresponds to an abnormality of endometrial growth and repair characterized by marked endometrial growth, with patterns similar to the decidual reaction of zonal endotheliochorial placentation characteristic of the canine species. Given the high endometrial activity, clinically, this condition can be characterized by accumulation of mucous, bloody or mucosanginolent content in the uterus and also presents high association with endometrial inflammation, being predisposing to the presentation of pyometra.

In Colombia, the goat production systems (PS) play an important role in the economy since it is evident that in some departments and rural areas of the country they work with large quantities, producing not only meat but also milk of this animal species. On the other hand, its contribution to the culture and gastronomic tradition of some sectors of the country is recognized. This is why the use of phytopharmaceuticals for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes is analyzed through a methodology of documentary and bibliographic review. This is seen as contributing to an improvement of the nutrition and well-being of goat PS, which provide the quality parameters and increased income for producers in the Colombian regions where this PS is becoming stronger.

The ocular ultrasound in equines represents one of the most common diagnostic methods used in the determination of possible ocular abnormalities, the ultrasound approach using mode B, allows the analysis of the different anatomical structures in a non-invasive way, the technique It is indicated in patients with ocular trauma, corneal opacity, retinal detachment and suspicion of retrobulbar neoplasms. During the study, a total of six equines of the Colombian Creole breed, of indifferent sex, with an established age between 4 and 12 years old and a body condition between 2.5 and 4 (on a scale of 6) were taken into account. For each of the animals, bilateral ocular ultrasonography was performed using a transpalpebral technique in which anatomical structures such as the cornea, anterior chamber, lens, retrobulbar space, retina, and otic disc were evaluated. From these, specific quantitative measurements were made for the anterior chamber. retina and optic disc. According to the results found, it was determined that the anterior chamber presented a value of 4 mm (± 0.07), in the retina a value of 2.4 mm (± 0.03) was obtained, and in the optical disc 4.3 mm (± 0.05). It was concluded that the values obtained for the Colombian creole breed are similar to those reported in other breeds.