vol. 3 núm. 1 (2022)

Buried pipelines are necessary for the transportation of products (drinking water, wastewater, sewage, hydrocarbons, among others) from one geographical point to another. There are different criteria to select the quality, thickness and material of the pipe, which combined have to guarantee that the maximum admissible stress is greater than the stress applied on the material. Sometimes, the passage of vehicles (not contemplated in the original design) over the existing network is required, which makes it necessary to implement additional solutions to protect the network. The purpose of this work is to review the analysis and protection of buried pipelines from loads on the ground surface, mentioning the analysis methods, protection trends and requirements in national and international standards. Finally, it is concluded that the soil-pipe interaction problem is of great complexity and that the inclusion of mechanical protection between the ground surface and the pipe influences the degree of protection of the pipe

Insomnia is emerging as the most prevalent sleep disorder during confinement by COVID-19, generating a decrease in the quality of life of those who suffer from it. The present study shows the clinical case of a 37-year-old man who, after modifying his sleep patterns due to work schedules, developed chronic insomnia. The problem started when the patient increased his work hours, so he began to prolong his bedtime until 2:00 am, however, work activities started at 7:00 am, resulting in sleepiness during the day. After the initial interview, Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia (TCBI) was implemented. The components were: bedtime restriction, stimulus control therapy, sleep hygiene, and progressive muscle relaxation. The duration was five weekly sessions divided into one evaluation, three intervention and one closure. The results show an increase in subjective sleep time, sleep quality, in addition to a decrease in the frequency and severity of symptoms of insomnia and sleepiness during the day, both in the sleep diary and in the instruments. Finally, we can conclude that the intervention was clinically effective, although improvements in the research design are suggested for future studies.

The pandemic caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, triggered a lot of actions and constraints including the complete lockdown and border closure affecting in a significant way business and commerce around the world. This produced in Ecuador an important closure of enterprises and sales decline, impacting the national economy. The purpose of this article is to reflect the main characteristics of the members of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Azogues in terms of the effects generated by the pandemic and as a complement to put forward some actions for the commercial reactivation of this sector. For this purpose, an information survey was developed through structured surveys consisting of 46 questions in which issues of characterization of the company, effects of the pandemic in economic, commercial, advertising and productive areas were addressed, as well as their recovery expectations of the industry as well as of the company itself. Among the main results, it was obtained that the largest proportion of partners (49%) has a geographical sales scope at the local level and only 6% reaches international customers. Regarding the perception of the behavior of the inflow of customers, 68% considered that it has decreased; 24% indicated that the inflow has increased, while the remaining 8% considered that it has remained. 84% of the partners feel that sales had decreased compared to the historical behavior. Finally, the main expectation of companies is to recover the level of sales they had prior to the health emergency. An important finding is that the reactivation strategies should guide their efforts to expand the potential market not only at the local, regional and why not, on an international level, in addition to strengthen the technological distribution channels.

Functional Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP) is a therapeutic model framed in contextual therapy that aims to improve a person's abilities through therapeutic interaction during the session. Research has provided this model with empirical evidence that positions it as an alternative in the treatment of psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, interpersonal problems, and sexual abuse. However, due to the physical confinement that arose in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the face-to-face modality became a risk factor, with tele-consultation being an option to provide psychological care for multiple problems. Under this background, the present case shows the implementation of FAP through tele-consultation to increase socially skillful interpersonal behaviors in a 23-year-old male. Weekly self-records with an n=1 type A-B design were used as evaluation measures. Through visual inspection, an increase in socially skillful interpersonal behaviors and a decrease in the perception of difficulty are observed, with this a first advance is achieved by showing that the FAP procedures are adapted to this modality, respecting the theoretical guidelines. of the interaction, however, the lack of measurement through psychometric instruments limits the analysis of results.

La revista “Innovación Digital y Desarrollo Sostenible - IDS” es una publicación académica semestral de ciencia, tecnología e innovación promovida por la coordinación de investigaciones de la Institución Universitaria Digital de Antioquia - IU Digital, Medellín, Colombia. Tiene como objetivo esencial publicar resultados originales de investigación e innovación y generar un espacio dinámico de discusión académica en los campos del conocimiento relacionados con las ciencias básicas e ingenierías, ciencias agrarias, ciencias sociales y humanas. En este contexto, la revista IDS publica dos veces por año artículos transdisciplinarios sobre sus líneas de investigación y su relación con diversas áreas del conocimiento científico

Although cardiac arrest in children and infants, it is a serious situation that requires immediate management, most people do not have enough knowledge and skills to manage it. It doesn't need to be a doctor or paramedic to help in these circumstances, anyone could be part of caring for a child or infant in cardiac arrest. The objective of this article is to determine and evaluate the knowledge, practices and attitudes that people not related to the health field have, about Basic Life Support in pediatric patients. The study was carried out in the 15 parishes of the urban area in Cuenca-Ecuador during the period 2021, where timely care for people with health problems in a cardiac arrest or obstruction situation of the pathway air with techniques on cardiopulmonary animation and resuscitation protocols which are necessary until the victim can receive medical attention. The Methodology used accounts for a descriptive study based on secondary sources of other investigations carried out in environments at the national level such as the Isidro Ayora Hospital in the city of Loja, knowledge acquired in basic pediatric resuscitation CPR and at an international level study carried out in an education center in Spain in knowledge about SVB. The study on knowledge, practices and attitudes in basic support of Pediatric Patients with Cardiac Arrest is based on the application of primary sources with data collection techniques such as the questionnaire with structured questions on a Likert scale, which was applied to 384 people of ages between 18 and 64 years old, using a stratified sample with a confidence interval of 95%, valid in this type of study and sociodemographic questions (age, gender, place of origin, level of education). Regarding the Results, the floor-ceiling effect was applied using the Excel program, in terms of attitudes more than 50% of the participants present a good attitude towards the SVBP, with respect to the knowledge and practices, of the 9 questions posed, only 2 exceeded 50%, this means that the knowledge and practices in SVBP are less than 45%.

Genealogy studies are born out of an interest in clarifying the dilemma “where we come from and where we are going.” In this situation, the records of sire, dam and grandparents (paternal and maternal) are consolidated, thus initiating a genealogical tree. The lack of consolidation of the genealogical registry in the production systems becomes an impediment for the pedigree analysis and the performance of genetic evaluations. The objective this work is to evaluate the genealogy of the animals involved in the matings for the generation of implanted embryos, using the embryo transfer technique in the GESTAR project. The database had 741 animal records and a depth of 5 generations. Softwares, Pedigree Viewer version 6.5 and CFC: Tool For Monitoring Genetic Diversity version 1.0 were used to perform genealogical analysis, renumber the records of the individuals and evaluate the depth of the pedigree. Results and conclusions: Of the 741 records of animals that comprise 5 generations, 551progeny were identified, 181 father’s records and 282 records of mothers classified in 184 founding individuals and 557 non-founders, only 6 individuals with father identification and 551 with father and known mother, 74 groups of complete siblings with an average size per family of 3.72 animals, a maximum of 20 and a minimum of 2 and finally 42 of them were identified as consanguineous. The evaluated genealogy presents a high connectivity between individuals and has adequate depth to be used in genetic improvement or embryo transfer programs, thus increasing the reliability of breeding values and other parameters of interest.

The domain of aerospace technologies is of fundamental importance for the development of a country, however, it is an area of knowledge that is undervalued in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions. This article is an experimental narrative about a work developed over three years with a group of high school students belonging to the public school sector of the city of Teresina-Brazil. The aim of this research was to introduce students to STEAM and MAKER methodologies with emphasis on the development of small projects with applications in space exploration. The efficiency of these methodologies can be verified by the results obtained in the different scientific competitions in which the aforementioned students participated.

Virtual learning objects (VLO) are educational tools that seek to emulate a human teacher or tutor in their pedagogical and communicative skills. Their main advantage is that they can be reused and used anywhere from a mobile device or desktop computer, they encourage self-learning and are reusable. VLO have been developed in different areas of knowledge; exact and natural sciences, biology, medicine, economics and finance, social and human sciences, among others. In the context of the pandemic generated by COVID-19, VLO have been a very useful tool in the teaching-learning process in universities. The objective of this research was to carry out a sentiment analysis to know the perception that people have about the use of VLO. We used 7,000 comments from the social network Twitter and RStudio software to process the information. This paper concludes that, it is positive the perception identified in most of the comments, most of them were related to positive emotions. The massive implementation of the use of VLO can contribute to transform the traditional teaching-learning model and to strengthen remote education.