vol. 12 núm. 21 (2014)

An instrument was designed to measure the adhesion to the hypertension treatment using a tool composed of 10 items Likert-type scale. The construct validity through factorial analysis and reliability by using Cronbach's Alpha was evaluated. The factorial analysis allowed the grouping of the items around the factors that make up the construct. The alpha value obtained (0.515) corresponds to a moderate value which means that the instrument can be used as a proper technique to collect data.

In this report, we present the case of a male patient who was born 39 weeks, the product of third gestation (two previous abortions) with a 38 year old mother and a 46 year old father. The clinical characteristics of the patient include macrocephaly, extensive anterior fontanelle with diastasis recti sagittal suture, ochronosis grayish pavilions dysplastic headphones low-set, short nasal root, simian crease in her right hand and hirsutism. We obtained a computerized axial tomography of skull and a brain magnetic resonance with agenesis of the corpus callosum and dilation of the ASTA occipital of the lateral ventricles. The karyotype in peripheral blood evidence partial trisomy of chromosome 22 (47, XY+22, del (22) (q11.2qter)). The patient required 7 days of hospitalization and was released from the hospital in good condition overall, but with a psychomotor retardation and severe generalized hypotonia. Given the severe structural malformations that are present in this syndrome, the term pregnancy and post birth survival of children with trisomy 22 are very rare events. The case of this patient complements other reports illustrating that trisomy 22 can survive beyond birth.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease endemic to African, Asian, Latin America and South Pacific countries. It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae that manifests itself as varied as areas of hypo or anesthesia, macules hypochromic, with or without neura thickening. On some occasions, after having completed the course of therapy recommended by the World Health Organization, it can recur, showing new clinical lesions or increasing the bacillary index. These features can be confused with erythema nodosum leprosum, characterized by an antigen-antibody reaction that secures a complement through which the immune system combats antigen cells. This text describes a case of recurrence of lepromatous leprosy and lesions compatible with erythema nodosum leprosum after it has been treated with combination chemotherapy.

Asperger Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder; it was described by Hans Asperger in 1944. It is characterized by a marked social disruption, difficulties in communication, deficit in the ability to play and a range of interests and repetitive behavior, without a significant language or cognitive delay. Considering the current importance of the item, this is done in a comprehensive review on the subject that covers aspects such as: clinical features, alterations to the physical examination, and possible structural and functional alterations. Also the DSM-IV criteria and the differential diagnosis are specified. Finally, some of the aspects related to the genetics and treatment are discussed.

Agriculture is the fundamental basis for the sustainability of food security on the planet, since it represents the main source of food and is part of the economy of developing countries. At the present time, however, the demand for food is greater and there is the need to speed up plant growth to meet the needs of the population and to reduce rates of malnutrition and hunger, but this is used for agricultural practices as the application of chemical fertilizers which significantly affect the environment and the ecosystems of the soil. In hopes of finding solutions, alternative strategies to replace fertilizers have been developed in recent years. The microorganisms have demonstrated compliance functions that keep the balance of the soil and support plant growth through a variety of mechanisms, including the solubilization of phosphates, which can succeed in freeing the phosphate ion accessible for the plant. This item is limited in the soil and is a vital nutrient after the nitrogen for the growth of the plant. The genus Bacillus has been highlighted as a potential solubilizer phosphate and can be used as biofertilizer that will enable them to obtain a quality agricultural product, without generating consequences to the environment.

The goal of this research was to implement a microbiological method to reduce the concentrations of chromium (VI) of sewage sludge from tanneries through the combination of processes of environmental engineering and microbiology. A system of fixed medium was used, it contained a plastic support to which the lama of microorganisms adheres, performing the purification process under controlled physical conditions, this is demonstrated in vivo with measurements of chromium VI by atomic absorption of treated effluent and in vitro by isolation and identification of microorganisms in selective culture media with K2CrO4. The results show a 58% Cr (VI) reduction of the microorganisms: Bacillus cereus, Acinetobacter iwoffi, Lactobacillus agilis, Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. Which are able to tolerate Cr (VI) concentrations of 300 ppm.

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical, paraclinical, epidemiological, and screening tests and diagnostic findings in Asperger syndrome, in the cases that were detected in the Central Foundation League Against Epilepsy and the Foundation of the Hospital of Misericordi between the years 2004 and 2007. To date, there are few articles of clinical series on this syndrome in the medical literature, it has been reported that it is a sub-diagnosed disorder in Colombia. This study describes the syndrome with detail, showing all their characteristics in our population, in order to provide better information for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prevention.

The immune system is able to perform the detection and elimination of transformed cells by a mechanism known as physiological immune surveillance. This process involves the NKG2D receptor activator present in T lymphocytes and NK cells, both of paramount importance in the immune surveillance against cancer. To recognize the receptor NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) in cells that experience retransformation triggers the specific lithic response of the cytotoxic lymphoid cells. Also, soluble forms of NKG2DLs have been described in various types of cancer that have proven to be used for tumor evasion by saturating the NKG2D receptors present in the effectorlymphoid cells thus avoiding their recognition and elimination, which makes them escape immune surveillance. Although this phenomenon of immune evasion, where some NKG2DLs participate, has already been described and corroborated, clinically, it has not been studied whether the receptor NKG2DL is present in the tumor cells per se because it could also be involved in reversing immune surveillance. This paper analyzes recent evidence that the expression of the NKG2D receptor is not lymphocyte T and NK exclusive it is already expressed by tumor epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Consequences of this anomalous expression in non-lymphoid cells have widespread implications in carcinogenesis, which will be revised. Recent clinical studies to prove the participation of NKG2D receptor in several tumor pathologies are analyzed.

Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substance nigra pars compacta. It has been determined that factors both environmental and genetic contribute to its development. Mutations in the genes PINK1 and PARKIN have been associated with the early onset of disease and family history. The goal of this study was to identify mutations in the PINK1 genes (exons 4 and 6) and PARKIN (exons 2 and 7) in 22 Colombian patients with Parkinson's disease of early onset and/ or family history, by PCR amplification and sequencing. The sequences were compared with the reference consensus sequence. A homozygous change mutation was detected in the reading frame (frame shift) c.155dela in exon 2 of the PARKIN gene in a patient with early onset of the disease and family history. In addition, the presence of a polymorphism in intron 2 of the PARKIN gene was identified in seven patients, one of them in homozygous state. Mutations were not found in exons 4 and 6 of the gene PINK1. A homozygous mutation c.155dela in exon 2 of PARKIN was found in a female patient with Parkinson's disease early onset with family history. No changes to the gene PINK1 were found.

O Diagnóstico Pré-Natal (DPN) é um conjunto de técnicas destinado a investigar a saúde fetal ainda no período de vida intrauterina. É dirigido principalmente a casais com risco aumentado de gerar uma criança com uma anomalia genética ou congênita. Seu objetivo fundamental pressupõe a identificação de anomalias cromossômicas, malformações, doenças metabólicas mendelianas eoutras alterações circunstancialmente adquiridas durante a gestação e com repercussões sobre o feto