vol. 1 núm. 1 (2009): julio-diciembre de 2009

The increase of infections with anaerobic bacteria, the resistance of these organisms to limited treatment options for the empirical data, and the recent and little knowledge we have about these bodies, leads the doctor not to suspect that it is in most cases, compared to a possible infectious agent which involves an anaerobic germ, delaying diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy, explaining the sudden increase in morbidity and mortality, and the vulnerability of patients. This creates an urgent need in the hospitals to develop updated and standardize protocols, guidelines management of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and consistent with available resources to secure and optimize the processes involved in search and retrieval of these demanding germs, and it will allow all the medical and paramedical staff proper management of these events in order to improve the service and the patient safety. The purpose of this study is to standardize an updated protocol of clinical and anaerobic bacteriology to unify the criteria for selection, collection and proper transportation of clinical samples, which ensures the viability of the specimen and the recovery of anaerobic organisms in order to obtain their identification and susceptibility to antibiotics.

It conducted a systematic review of scientific literature on the detection of explosives with the help of trained animals. Training in perception learning by smell has been particularly useful for detecting landmines. The most exploited has been the dog, followed by several species of rodents (African giant rat and albino rat), more recently, have also tested invertebrate species such as bees and ants. It concludes by confirming the usefulness of animal detection, which is compatible with and complementary to other detection technologies such as physical devices by radiation.

This article presents some brief comments directed to emphasize the meaning and value proposition that appropriation, respect and guarantee the correct human rights by the full force of the National Police of Colombia, leaving no room for doubt, constitute a valuable contribution in strengthening and reaffirmingthe institution’s relations with the citizenry, observing and applying this way and effectively the humanism ideal which governs the current approach of the National Police, which helps to recover the value of human dignity in all police relations.

This article contains a review of the literature on the criminal profile subject and the judicial Police Force investigation for the elucidation of the homicide committed by hired assassins in Colombia. The purpose is to determine compliance with the technical strictness as if it is effective in identifying and capturing the attacker who uses a modus operandi based on the criminal culture in Colombia. From forensics expert reports on autopsy and crime scene of this type of homicide, is intended to propose improvements in the investigative process and researchers training.

The manure production in Colombia has increased in recent years seeking to provide adequate management biodegradable waste generated by agro-industrial processes, the present study evaluated the quality of mineral composition, and characterization of microbial population of a manufactured aof from wasted generated in the industrial processing of potatoes. In Study 2 treatments were: T1 consisted of a mixture of 90% organic material (80% potato waste, sawdust 5%, milling waste 3% and molasses 2%) plus the addition of minerals to form carbonates, phosphates and sulphates in the rate of 10% in T2 only mix the organic material. The trial demonstrated that this material with 75% humidity anaerobic fermentation produces a very strong smell of acid, which decreases as it loses moisture, leaving the mixture in a volume of 50% and changing the smell of an alcoholic fermentation. Given the characteristics of the final product showed T2 high pH values, COO, CIC, CRH and C / N, showing that the potatowaste has a good record as organic fertilizer. On the other hand the addition of minerals increases the amounts of these, which are contained naturally in the substrate, giving the compound the added value of a higher percentage of available elements in both cases the supply of nutrients and microorganisms is favorable for plant nutrition.

Esta obra hace parte de la Colección Prometeo de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, de la Universidad de los Andes, la cual se constituyó con el propósito de estimular la producción intelectual de los graduados de sus Maestrías, dando a conocer sus tesis de grado.

En el mundo de hoy, el desarrollo económico y social se gestiona en términos de investigación, por cuanto ésta proporciona elementos fundamentales para aprovechar los recursos disponibles, estimular el desarrollo de talentos, ofrecer igualdad de oportunidades, darles valor agregado y, articular la economíadentro de los procesos del mercado global y la competitividad.

The text briefly raise the constitutional provision of economic and social rights in the constitutions of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and its Mercosur institutionalization through treaties and common economic policies developed in the bloc, with emphasis the principles of effectiveness and the prohibition on reverse of human rights. It runs on economic, social and cultural rights as an inseparable part of human rights and assuming that these are undoubtedly the factor of consolidation of political and economic blocs. Through the comparison of the economic constitution of each country, will be discussed which is the social and economic order established in each country and how they influenced or become part in the Mercosur integration process, and if there is repression of human rights because purely economic concerns.

The Mental Health of National Police of Colombia uniformed personnel is affected by various conditions related to the nature of the activity for which it is intended, and those stress factors, some specific to this activity and others related to any individual, acquire such magnitude and importance that lead toabnormalities in Mental Health, whose origin, process, epidemiology, severity, prognosis and therapeutic measures are different from what is attributed to the general population. As a result of the urgent need for reflection on the matter and the importance of establishing a mental health diagnosis for this population group, this theme has being developed by Second National Mental Health Survey for the National Police ofColombia, 2009-2010.

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework both for researchers and people whofaced traumatic events. The focus proposed is an approach of the author’s experience in the fields of research, care provisions and literature review. The reference model is the cognitive psychology -the mental- giving relevance to the construction of meaning and significance that people provide to their experiences.

This paper invites the application of a pattern of criminal intelligence in the institution as an instrument that emerges from the evolution of crime, nationally and internationally. In the National Police, there are conditions to implement a model of criminal intelligence and from that perspective, the Directorate of Police Intelligence, through Foresight Intelligence Center, launched an investigation called “Model Approach to Criminal Intelligence in the National Police of Colombia” as a component of the criminal investigation, in order to contribute to policy formulation in crime prevention and monitoring, which ensures the safety of citizens threatened by the emergence of different forms of violence and criminal methods.

This article attempts to address terrorism in general, from views that are purely legal, doctrinal and jurisprudential. In Colombia this approach is necessary and herein lies this contribution, which consists to create a legal debate regarding the implementation of terrorist crimes in the Colombian legal system. It should be noted, therefore, the existing criminal types and its legal aspects, without this being elaborated under a formal or dogmatic aspect, but instead developed as a study in light of current interpretations of terrorism, which is not cause detriment of those brief comments made about the subject. The elements of legal rights relating to the Public Security and International Humanitarian Law are analyzed along with the legal foundations of the two types of crimes under the Colombian Penal Code.

This article addresses an issue recently discussed that nowadays has acquired great importance tonational and international level: Victims of sexual exploitation. Thus, the purpose of this paper isto describe, from a victimological perspective, the situation of children and adolescents whoare victims of sexual commercial exploitation in Colombia, through a qualitative research. Therefore, the introduction should relate the elements that contextualize the problem situation, then we will refer to the methodology used to conduct the investigation, after that, the results will be mentioned and, finally, will bereleased the findings.

The political theory of Dante Alighieri opens to man a new perspective which founds acceptance and effectiveness in Modernity. The defense of the autonomy of political power outside the church is accompanied by a definition of their actions. The temporal power has justified its existence in order sought by man, so that reflects human nature to be rational, free. Only through the realization of freedom in a society where justice and order reigns is possible for human happiness. It is the recognized value to the man who guides the social and political organization. Thus, we have Dante in an important step toward the recognition of human dignity whose realization, through allocation and enforcement of fundamental rights, will be in the rule of law.