vol. 5 núm. 2 (2009)

The purpose of this study was to intervene in the behavior of experiential avoidance evidenced in three tennis players ages 16 and 17 by means of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The experiential avoidance was measured through two instruments. The first was through recognition of behavior exhibited by each participant, and the second was through the Acceptance Questionnaire - Action (AAQ) adapted to Spanish and revised by a philologist. The intervention consisted of four sessions. For measuring the registrations in the pretest and posttest, two tournaments were designed in which each player competed on three occasions. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the frequency of the behavior of experiential avoidance. However, the decrease in the score of the AAQ is not proportional in the two tennis players that participed in the entirety of the investigation. 

The purpose of present study was to design and validate of Alcohol Beliefs Questionnaire in adolescents universitaries; this instrument was applicated to the nonrandom sample was conformed by 240 young's between the 16 and the 25 years university students at Bogota; city. The design of Questionnaire is based on the Health Belief Model and include theirs components: perceived risk and vulnerability, subjective norms, perceived barriers, perceived benefits and cues action. The results showed that the instrument has a good reliability and validity. Present description the results with sample include. Finally it is discussed the study limitations, for instance, althougth, it is recommended further applications of the instrument with other groups. 

The present article calls for a critical and epistemological reconsideration of hypnosis and its relation with the science of modern psychology. In that sense, it searches for a two-way discussion, which brings up various contradictions present in the upbringing of such science in modern aspects. First of all, this article highlights the difficulties in putting together clinic and science; in addition, it suggests that the views over hypnosis might as well be applicable, in a general approach, to clinic psychology, which in turn supposes that those thoughts brought by hypnosis are still of considerable pertinence to such association - clinic and science. Second, this article also states that the institutions involved in the formation of psychology did have a crucial role in determining a distorted view not only over hypnosis but also of what could or could not be considered scientific. The present article finally proposes that, although the study of hypnosis does not show a whole array of answers in the modern sense, it still is rather pertinent when it comes to bringing important questions concerning the building of such a science. Some of these questions relate to historical deformations brought about by institutional processes and the scientific aspect of clinic practice.

This study was managed to investigate on the meanings built by children, family parents and teachers about the childhood, the family and the school in the context of the globalization. A survey was applied at a group of 73 children and girls, 52 family parents and 52 teachers that were linked to several school institutions of the city of Bogotá. The results showed convergences and divergences among the three groups of participants concerning their current meaning about the childhood and the school and family interactions. In general, it was observed that the children and, in smaller grade, the family parents tend to a positive valuation of the changes associated with the globalization, while the teachers incline toward more critical postures. The socioeconomic stratum served as variable moderator in some of the meanings expressed by the three groups of participants in the study. In the discussion the implications of these results are analyzed, making special emphasis in the demands and challenges that the school confronts in the frame of the globalization 

In this article are presented 3 situations of spontaneous activities developed by preschool children and first grade of elementary children, whose analysis is orienting a reference frame. It seeks to show comprehensive elements to teachers, in order that they can have them at their disposal to offer children possibilities which let them to transform of their stereotyped experiences of games, called toys- games into symbolic games. The observation and the analysis of the activities performed by children, shows how they organize new representations from the new meanings that they give to their experiences. Faced to these children's processes, the teacher has a basic role to offer the meaningful experiences that support the learning processes. 

Starting from the analysis of some ethical conceptions and the psychological development we introduce the evolution of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory and the psychology of moral development. The deontological and formalist positions rooted in the moral philosophy shaped the first conceptualizations in the study of morals in psychology. Thereafter, and parallel to the debate in ethics, Psychology and Kohlberg himself became more receptive to those positions which proposed to contemplate social significations and judgments in a more contextual and flexible manner. Communitarianism and some non-cognitive reflections had some influence on the psychological study of morals; a field that also reconsidered new ages for the study of moral development, as well as it incorporated the life-cycle theories and the notions of wisdom. 

The aim of this study is to identify what are the academic and professional competences of psychology students and graduates of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana of Cali city. The sample was 98 seventh and eighth college semester students of the psychology program and 21 graduates from the same program. The results show that the levels of self perception of competences of students and graduates were identified concerning areas such as clinical, educational, and organizational psychology, research, assessment in psychology and others. It is conclude that the more relevant competence, for students and graduates, is in the organizational area, because of the selection of the training field and the actual area of performance. 

In this paper we develop a material point of view in terms of epistemological debates introduced in psychology and in social psychology by social constructionism (it's impossible today think about epistemology without going through their contributions). First, we show the most relevant critical questions done by this prospect. After we show our proposal on some points of tension with the social constructionism. Finally we emphasize the ethical and political implications of our materialistic point of view. 

Brain Trauma Injury [BTI], is the most common cause of brain injury which consequences, in a cognitive level, leads to attention disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a BTI intervention program in the attention of patients who have a moderated BTI. This program was applied to 3 men with an average of 9 years of education, with a media of 31, 6 years old, a Glasgow result between 9 to 12 points, and no neurological nor psychiatric antecedents. Also, the Brief Neuropsychological Test Battery [Neuropsi], was applied as a sift, in which, the patients obtained a media of 100, finding errors in the attention, memory and motor skills tasks. The instruments used to determine the pre and post evaluation in the attention function were: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST], the Trail Making Test A and B [TMTA-TMTB], the Stroop task and the Letter Cancellation Test. This research was quasi-experimental with a design of only one group; the efficacy of the intervention was evaluated through the difference between the pre and post media, once the program was applied. After the intervention, there were found changes statistically significant in the WCST in just one patient. However, all patients improved their reaction time and carried out cognitive tools such as planning, categorization and classifying.

Animals and humans consumed more food when they are exposed to buffet diet respect registered intake in monotonous diet. The objective of this work was to evaluate the food intake response of humans exposed to three variety foods after they were exposed to only one variety food. The participants were divided in three groups who had paste available in just one type (form, color or taste) and in a second session it was available the same food but with three different versions. Results showed that participants consume more food when it was shown in three different varieties of color and taste respects the intake recorded when only it was showed only one variety. Results confirm that variety and food appearance represent signals that stimulate the ingestive response increase. Key words: variety, form, color, taste, food intake.

It applies a token economy program to modify some disruptive behaviors of a child. It is intended to decrease the answer in an inappropriate manner and make tantrums and encourage the occurrence of follow-up instructions for behaviors such as to fix the bed, collecting and organizing toys, collect and organize your clothes, do their homework. It is a thorough review of the implementation of the token economy in various fields and behavioral problems. Following an ABA design, the results confirm the behavior change made a better adjustment of the child's behavior at school and home environment. An analysis is made from some of the principles of behavioral economics. 

The present work has as aim present a review of the impact that has had in the health "the psychology of the religion and the spirituality". There are examined the historical precedents of this concept from its origins up to coming in the middle of the 20th century where it begins and one gives increasing summit in the researches based on the evidence of the relations of the religion and the spirituality in the mental and physical health, equally an approximation is done to the researches on the processes of intervention in health focused from the spirituality. In conclusion, there are great the researches that raise that the religion and the spirituality are moderating and buffering variables before traumatic events of the life like it is a disease.

In this paper is discussed the development of the ontological and epistemological questions related to psychoanalysis, the empirical psychology supported on behavior and the soviet psychology. These approaches implied three different ontological representations on psyche. Each of those ontological representations was involved with different epistemological and methodological consequences. A special attention is given in the discussion to soviet psychology, an approach that up to now remains little known in the western psychology. Soviet psychology, either by the historical conditions of its emergence, or by received cultural and philosophical influences, had important differences with the more known psychological approaches in that time. Started from historical cultural approach, the author introduces the topic of the subjectivity from a cultural - historical standpoint, as a new ontological proposal. It is also discussed the epistemological and methodological demands resulted from the study of the subjectivity in this theoretical approach.