núm. 21 (2004)

 The international success of an industry, according to Porter’s Diamond, depends on the endowing of the production factors, on the National demand, on the related industries, on the national support and on the national rivarly. Observing the real world we could say that Colombia should export the competitive industries’ products, because these have developed Porter’s Theory’s attributes, and import the merchandises that do not have advantageous atributes. The bilateral or multilateral agreements modify the tariff’s preferences and remind us that the tariff’s benefit is in both sides: as for imports and for exports. The National production will lose the protection and the competence will manifest on the prices, the National producers then should make different their production from the other countries of the world’s ones by an application of Porter’s Theory. On the Colombian bilateral and multilateral relationship, the producers should develop a creativity on trade based on the National offer and the global demand with strategies that should allow colombian products be singularized of the latin american ones, although they could be the same.

 Reflecting about the contemporary transformations of the Administrative Law, on a first stage this work examinantes some results of the community’s integration processes about the Intern Law , and specifically, about the National Set of Laws generated by the Sovereignty’s Delegation phenomena on favor of supranational authorities. On a second stage, following the same analysis line, the author studies the attribution of regulatory functions to the named regulation Agencies , either done by internal legislator or the community’s authority, those attributions could be of a legislative or administrative nature. The investigator also forsees the results of this attributions. Finally, it reviews on a general way the broad horizon of the State’s Model’s redefinition imposed and required by the new circumstances marked by phenomena as the integration, the globalization, the release of regulations and the privatization streams that carry along new definitions of the Administrative Law.

In this article is discussed the political atmosphere in the relationships between the United States and Latinamerica, to think over again the normative tensions between each country’s intern sphere and the international political atmosphere. Notions such as asimetric co-evolution will be useful to cast down the myth of unilateral influences that come from a potency as the United States over the countries subjected to their economical and cultural influence’s sphere. In that case it would be about a strategic interweaving, where the United States and Latinamerica presupose each other reciprocally, they co-evolve together, they interpenetrate in such a way that the system becomes unstable, from there that the measures adopted by the United States cause a surprising effect or many times opposite at the one that was expected.

 The main international instrument to protect human rights of indigenous and tribal people is the 169 Convention of The International Labor Organization- ILO-, 1989. Despite Of being in force in Colombia since 1991, its application from the Colombian authorities, still generates tension, especially between the indigenous and tribal people, for which it is directed, and the Colombian State. This motivated the author to present and to analyze through his article some of the most important judicial, administrative and legislative decisions that have been issued in matters related to the Convention. All of this in order to verify the reasons that have prevented its effective application and the full recognition of the ethnic and cultural diversity in our country. 

This article addresses the background regulation concerning forced relocated people, based in the international Law governing the refugees cases. This was the response to the humanitarian crisis during the XX century, as well as the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights and the International Humanitarian Rights, these constitute the Basic Law created by the International Community. These were the legal framework that the international community kept up as managing principles, to regulate the internal displacement in 1998. All of them are included in the Colombian Law. It is necessary to sbmite how the Colombian State has been facing the force displacement of people. This is the only way to minimize the problem and to guarantee the Human Rights. 

The States accepted the Rome Statute clearly expressed their decision to fight against the impunity of the crimes againts humanity (genocide, war crimes, crime of lese-humanity and aggression); The creation of the international Criminal Court (the highest judicial organization in charge of punishing Humanitarian Law and Human Rights violations) means the result of the joint work of community nations and reflects their assent in regards that its action and coverage will guarantee human rights full protection, starting from the nucleus of the minimal common law, to world peace preservation, judging and punishing all Kinds of crimes against humanitarian law. The characteristics of the International Criminal Court (integrity, autonomy and independence) show its political intention, that justice application will not be like in the past, where tribunal´s conformation and their codes, represented specific interests of international hegemonies, predetermined power relations and individualist negotiations that represented perverse immunities; which resulted in the most atrocious picture of impunity ever seen. 

This article conforms the written version of the post presented by the author at the Seminar of “Compared Law” that took place in March at the Saint Tomas University (Universidad Santo Tomás). The main thesis of the author sustains that the Nature of the Social State of Law, defined by the 1991 Constitution in order to define the Colombian State, determined the dynamic of the Constitutional Control in charge of the Constitutional Court, which has brought different types of sentences that are not only excluding the order of the rules that are incompatible with the Constitution, but, in the field of the fundamental rights. 

I. LA PROBLEMÁTICA El tema acerca de la relación entre la reserva de ley y el cambio social se encuentra en el punto de intersección entre la protección de los derechos fundamentales y la división de poderes, por una parte, y entre las competencias legislativa y judicial, por otra. El interés sobre dicho tema emana de una perceptible tendencia de la jurisprudencia de exigir en el enjuiciamiento de nuevos desarrollos una reglamentación legal justamente hecha para ellos y, cuando tal reglamentación no exista, de declarar la actuación estatal basada en el derecho presente como ilícita.

En Alemania, los derechos fundamentales hoy en día están contemplados en la Constitución Federal, en la así llamada Ley Fundamental de Bonn (LF). Además, las Constituciones de los Estados Federados alemanes – de los Länder – también tienen derechos fundamentales. Éstos, o coinciden en gran parte con los de la Constitución Federal, o bien declaran que los derechos fundamentales de la Constitución federal también forman parte de la Constitución del Estado Federado (por ejemplo el Art. 3, párrafo 2, frase 1 de la Constitución de Baja Sajonia2 ). Por ello yo me limitaré a continuación a los derechos fundamentales de la Ley Fundamental de Bonn. Para poder transmitir su significativa importancia y su dogmática es indispensable echar un vistazo a la historia de la evolución de los derechos fundamen- tales en Alemania. Naturalmente no puedo explicarles la historia constitucional de Alemania completa, sino que voy a esbozar esa historia bajo el aspecto especial de la protección de los derechos funda- mentales.