Inadequate molar control is one of the difficulties that arise during mechanical treatment. When molar control is handled efficiently, it facilitates precise control of forces and moments, which increases the effectiveness of biomechanics. Knowledge of 4 x 2, 6 x 2 partial systems and the transpalatal bar with its different forms of activation offer a number of advantages that make it possible to optimize orthodontic results. The aim of this article is to clarify concepts, specify possible treatment strategies and analyze the side effects that occur with these systems.

Altered Passive Eruption (ape) is a condition that can significantly affect achievement of the aesthetic goals of orthodontic treatment. Although this condition is known to orthodontists, most do not recognize the difference in its classification and manage- ment. The aim of this article is therefore to describe the guidelines for accurate diagnosis, explain the treatment and establish a mana- gement protocol for ape that would indicate when such patients are to be referred for plastic periodontal procedures, based on clinical findings and considering age as a critical factor when determining the procedure.