<em><strong>Objective</strong><em> to identify the ophthalmic use of monoclonal antibodies in hypertensive retinopathy and their effect on visual acuity (VA), vascular angiogenesis and changes in the ocular fundus of hypertensive patients. <em><strong>Materials and methods</strong><em> Literature was reviewed in the Pubmed, Medline, Embasi, Lilacs, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Hinari, Micromedex and Science Direct databases, through the MESH terms <em>monoclonal antibody and hypertensive retinopathy</em>, <em>bevacizumab hypertensive retinopathy, monoclonal antibody therapy hypertensive retinopathy and pegaptanib and hypertensive retinopathy</em>, limited to years 2000 to 2012. Two thousand three hundred and forty-five (2345) studies were found related to the topic, among which those written in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish were selected, as well as those associated with efficacy in the treatment of hypertensive retinopathy and angiogenic changes in diabetic retinopathy. The quality of the scientific evidence was classified through the Oxford methodology. A descriptive analysis of the study variables related to tissue responses was conducted. Monoclonal antibodies are involved in the control of VEGF, which decrease the risk of retinal hemorrhages, reducing retinal thickness. Antibodies such as bevacizumab show 95% effectiveness for improvement in VA (ETDRS 3 Lines D.E. 2.15) while ranibizumab and pegaptanib have 86% in VA improvement (<em>p</em> <0.05). Triamcinolone shows improvement in vascular leakage and macular edema in hypertensive retinopathy associated with diabetes, without any significant differences between groups (<em>p</em>=0.03).

The case of a 61-year-old male patient is described, who reports in the reason for consultation: inflammation, pain in the upper eyelid of the left eye and marked burning in both eyes with ten days of evolution, treated with neomycin + polymyxin b + dexamethasone in ophthalmic ointment every 12 hours for ten days without further evolution or resolution of the condition. The examination is diagnosed with: left eye stye, moderate anterior and posterior blepharitis in both eyes (severe MGD), associated chronic conjunctivitis and evaporative dry eye. It was decided to carry out conventional procedural treatment, accompanied by tri-conjugated antibiotics in addition to the use of topical azithromycin for 30 days.