Colonization by fungi in the soft contact lenses can cause severe ocular infections that can be prevented with solutions multipurpose. <em><strong>Objective:</strong></em> to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness in vitro of five commercial solutions multipurpose against two fungi, Candida albicans (leavening) and Aspergillus fumigatus (mould). Materials and <em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> five commercial solutions multipurpose, Solution 1 (PHMB to 0.0001%), Solution 2 (Polyquad to 0.001%), Solution 3 (PAPB), Solution 4 (Trimetoprim to 0.01%), Solution 5 (hydrogen Peroxide to 3%), were analyzed in vitro as opposed to Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The inocule was standardized using three concentrations for each microoganism. The effectiveness of the solutions was determined by calculation of the percentage average of reduction of training units of colonies obtained to time zero of disinfection and the time recommended by each commercial house (4 or 6 hours). Each test was made by triplicate. All the tests were made parallels with a growth control. The inocule without multipurpose solution and a positive control of the 100% of elimination of the microorganisms with hydrogenate peroxide to 3.7%. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> For C. albicans: Solutions 1, 2, 3 and 5 showed 100% of elimination at time 0 and at the time suggested by the manufacturer (4 or 6 hours); solution 4, to the 6 hours of disinfection (according fumigatusto the recommendation by the commercial house), presented: with the lowest concentration of C albicans, a 85% of elimination, with the second concentration a 31% of elimination and in the highest concentration of the microorganism, obtained a negative result, -74%. For A. fumigatus: solution 5 demonstrated a 100% of elimination at time 0 and at 6 hours of disinfection to the three concentrations; of the other four, to the time recommended by the commercial house (4 or 6 hours) the most effective solution was the 2, with a 91.33% in average with the three concentrations of Aspergillus, followed of the solution 1 (84.6%), solution 3 (71.6%) and solution 4 with the smaller percentage average of elimination 38.66%. Conclusions: Among the five solutions multipurpose evaluated, the Solution 4 demonstrated less effectiveness. Solutions 1 and 2 demonstrated cidal effect for C albicans, and fungistatic effect against A. fumigatus. The solution 3 presented effectiveness of the 100% for C. albicans, and for A. fumigatus its effect was microbiostatic. Solution 5 demonstrated fungicidal effect against both fungi evaluated. The Aspergillus fumigatus offered greater resistance to the solutions that the C. albicans, except for the solution 5 with active principle hydrogen peroxide.

<em><strong>Objective</strong><em> To characterize the visual and ocular morbidity of the population treated in Colombia based on the reports from the individual records of the provision of health services (RIPS), Chapter VII of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Version (ICD-10), years 2009-2010. <em><strong>Materials and methods</strong><em> A descriptive retrospective observational study was conducted of the visual and ocular morbidity of the population treated in Colombia according to the RIPS reports the 58 diagnostic codes were reclassified into 18 categories, according to the Reisvo classification the demographic variables of age, gender and health protection scheme were taken into consideration, as well as the clinical variable of diagnosis code univariate and bivariate analysis were performed. <em><strong>Results</strong><em> 775,989 RIPS from 2009 and 1,605,714 from 2010 were analyzed, corresponding to Chapter VII of ICD-10 most of them were female, 54.3% from 2009 and 58.4% from 2010. The predominant health scheme was the contributive scheme, with 73% for both years. The most frequent diagnostic groups in 2009 were disorders of the conjunctiva (55.9 %), accommodation and refractive disorders (23.1 %), eyelid disorders (9.9%), blindness and decreased visual acuity (2.2 %) for 2010, they were: accommodation and refractive disorders (44 %), disorders of the conjunctiva (23.4 %), eyelid disorders (4.4 %), blindness and decreased visual acuity (3.8 %) and glaucoma (3.7 %). <em><strong>Conclusions</strong><em> The most prevalent diagnoses in the two years evaluated were: accommodation and refractive disorders, and disorders of the conjunctiva.

The use of aberrometers to quantify ocular optic aberrations helps the health professional to have a more real knowledge of the visual optics and a more efficient optical correction of visual problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the variations of corneal aberrations induced by contact lenses. Materials and <em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> twenty four eyes which do not use contact lenses were studied and were divided in three groups: 8 eyes with keratoconus were corrected with permeable gas rigid contact lenses (material VC 59), 8 eyes with myopic refractive astigmatism between -1.25 D and -2.50 D were corrected with toric soft contact lenses (Soflens 66 Tórico®), and 8 eyes with myopia between 0.25 and 3.00 D were corrected with first spherical soft contact lenses (Soflens 66®) and then permeable gas rigid contact lenses (Boston RXD®). <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> It was found that decrease in corneal monochromatic aberrations was 68% in the first group; 25% in the second group; and in the third group with spherical soft lenses was 20% and 30% with spherical rigid contact lenses. Patients with keratoconus corrected with rigid contact lenses significantly improved corneal monochromatic low-order aberrations, and those with high-order of Coma, trefoil, secondary coma, secondary trefoil, pentafoil. Astigmatic patients corrected with toric soft contact lenses correct low-order aberrations and high-order aberrations do not vary significantly. Myopic patients corrected with spherical rigid and soft contact lenses correct low order aberrations and high order aberrations such as quadrafoil and secondary coma vary but secondary trefoil does not vary significantly.

Bacteria are the most frequent contaminants in contact lenses. <em><strong>Objective:</strong></em> The aim of this study is to identify the type of microbiological deposits in worn soft contact lenses. Materials and <em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> 100 soft contact lenses from wearers or used in the optical shops were collected, 25 for each group of the Food and Drugs Administrations, (FDA) (group 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to water content and polymer ionicity). Contact lenses were stored for 20 days in their respective individual cases. Each lens was directly observed in a slit lamp to classify visible deposits according to RUDKO criterion, blue lactophenol direct examination and microbiological cultures. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> According to the Food and Drugs Administrations groups, the microbial contamination in group 1 was 80% (20/25) with bacteria and 8% (2/25) with fungi. In group 2 was 88% (22/25) with bacteria, and 4% (1/25) with fungi. In group 3 was 72% (18/25) with bacteria, and 20% (5/25) with fungi. In group 4 was 80% (20/25) with bacteria, and 12% (3/25) with fungi. Fungi presence was always concomitant with bacteria. According to Rudko criterion 43.2% of category I lenses (17/37) had microbiological contamination with bacteria or fungi. 100% of category II lenses (56/56) and category IV lenses (7/7) were contaminated. The most frequent type of bacteria identified in the culture was bacillus and gram-negative coccobacillus. Conclusions: gram-negative bacilli were the microorganisms most found in worn soft contact lenses after 20 days of storage.

The contact lens system known as piggyback consists of a combination of a rigid, gas permeable lens superimposed on a soft lens. This combination aims to reduce the discomfort caused by using rigid lenses, especially in patients with corneal ectasia and irregularities, for whom it is a fact that the adaptation of a rigid lens is ideal and will provide the best possible optical image, even better than soft contact lenses, but in most cases the discomforts, particularly when blinking, hinder the process of adaptation in these patients. The Piggyback system is of great importance in the field of contactology, because it is through such system that it is possible to develop the designs and possibilities of correcting irregular astigmatisms and the different types of corneal ectasia in a more comfortable way, providing excellent vision and allowing the patient to see well, feel good and look good, without needing to think about future surgeries. Therefore, this bibliographic review aims to inform visual and ocular health professionals about this adaptation technique, its applications, the determining factors for their adaptation, the advantages and disadvantages of this lens system and, finally, recent developments to improve this technique.

A stable tear film is prerequisite for the proper functioning optical and metabolic eye. High percentage of conditions associated with dry eye, complications due to use of contact lenses and alterations of the tear are generally related to the instability of the tear film. Therefore, it is important to know and understand the terms related to tear stability, phenomena involved in different proposed theories and techniques to evaluate it, in order to make more accurate diagnosis, enabling effective treatments. Based on This literature review it will present models to explain the tear stability and instability to have a broader view of this important physico-chemical phenomenon unknown and even less understood by visual and ocular health professionals.