About the research into the role played by catholic Church against the Brazilian civilmilitary dictatorship between the sixties and eighties, the article analyzes, first, the theoretical and methodological possibilities from the dialogue between documents and orality for the reconstruction of the past; second, the scientific status of archival, the latter related to third, the preponderance in the legal order has reached the right of public access to the files in a country governed today by a former pursued by that dictatorship.