Amphibians are a phylogenetically very old group that is characterized by being the representatives of the transition from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment, with all the implications that this could have on the organization of its nervous system. e use of this animal model to study the spatial cognitive evolution, offers the advantage of having a simple nervous system, without a neocortex, which allows inquire about the basic brain circuits that underlie this behavior. Employing a comparative approach, this article describes several pro-cedures and experimental devices used for the study of spatial orientation and navigation abilities in amphi-bians, as well as its neural bases. Spatial learning is essential for individuals’ survival, being able to include strategies involving environmental visual cues and self-referential information. Taking into account all the information accumulated to date in amphibians, both in laboratory controlled conditions and in natural envi-ronments, it is possible to conclude that the properties of this cognitive ability have been largely conser-ved throughout evolution.