This article offers a rigorous analysis of the perspectives on the learning processes required in current contexts. It addresses a wide variety of research and proposals that emphasize the knowledge and practices necessary for those who guide educational processes, with the aim of satisfying the demands and characteristics of modern societies, based on a narrative review of the literature. In this sense, six types of learning stand out: situated learning, extended learning, networked and collaborative social learning, visible learning, research learning, deep learning and future-focused learning. Furthermore, the work presents concrete alternatives to promote these approaches to learning in the school environment.