Este artículo forma parte de literatura poco explorada y busca identificar la relación entre el precio del petróleo y la tasa de cambio real en una economía pequeña, abierta y regional del departamento del Valle del Cauca, en Colombia. Se utilizan vectores de corrección de errores (VECM) y vectores autorregresivos (VAR) con datos mensuales entre 2001 y 2015. Los resultados identifican que un impulso de la tasa de cambio real genera impactos positivos, mientras que un impulso del precio del petróleo origina efectos negativos y asimétricos en la economía, debido a la pérdida de competitividad de la industria y al deterioro del consumo.

objective: to analyze the factors that influence the academic performance of students in Colombia, considering both individual characteristics and factors related to the educational institution. Methodology: a hierarchical econometric model was used to nest the data at different levels, and the individual results of the Saber 11° tests of the Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education were used for both semesters of 2021. Results: indicate that the nature of the school (public or private) is a key factor in student performance, explaining almost 11% of the differences between schools, despite the fact that students attending public schools have lower socioeconomic, cultural and social conditions than those attending private schools, there is still a significant gap in academic performance that cannot be fully explained. Conclusion: private schools were found to have more variability in their effect on student performance, indicating that the unique characteristics of private schools, such as admission fees and incentives granted to teachers, may influence student academic performance more randomly.

Este documento identifica la relación existente entre la tasa de cambio y los diferentes agregados macroeconómicos en la economía colombiana, principalmente en la producción, el consumo, la inflación, la balanza comercial, la tasa de desempleo y la inversión, a través de la metodología Factor Augmented var (FAVAR). Se identifica que una apreciación del dólar genera cambios significativos sobre la actividad económica, la balanza comercial, los precios, el consumo y el gasto público.